Genomic Characterization of Arcobacter butzleri Isolated From Shellfish: Novel Insight Into Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Determinants

Arcobacter (A.) butzleri is an emerging pathogenic microorganism, whose taxonomy has been recently suggested to be emended to the Aliarcobacter (Al.) butzleri comb. nov. Despite extensive taxonomic analysis, only few fragmented studies have investigated the occurrence and the prevalence of virulence and antibiotic resistance determinants of this species in strains isolated from shellfish. Herein we report for the first time the whole genome sequencing and genomic characterization of two A. butzleri strains isolated from shellfish, with particular reference to the antibiotic, heavy metals and virulence determinants. This study supported the taxonomic assignment of these strains to the Al. butzleri species, and allowed us to identify antibiotic and metal resistance along with virulence determinants, also additional to those previously reported for the only two A. butzleri strains from different environments genomically characterized. Moreover, both strains showed resistance to β-lactams, vanocomycin, tetracycline and erythromycin and susceptibility to aminoglycosides and ciprofloxacin. Beside enlarging the availability of genomic data to perform comparative studies aimed at correlating phenotypic differences associated with ecological niche and geographic distribution with the genetic diversity of A. butzleri spp., this study reports the endowment of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance and virulence determinants of these shellfish-isolated strains. This leads to hypothesize a relatively high virulence of A. butzleri isolated from shellfish and prompt the need for a wider genomic analysis and for in vitro and in vivo studies of more strains isolated from this and other ecological niches, to unravel the mechanism of pathogenicity of this species, and the potential risk associated to their consumption

Relazione tecnica sulle attività della Campagna oceanografica "Ancheva 2008"

La presente relazione riporta le attività di ricerca svolte nella Campagna oceanografica "Ancheva 2008", nel periodo dal 4 al 14 Agosto 2008 a bordo della N/O "G. Dallaporta". Le suddette attività sono state parte integrante del Progetto "lAboratori di testing per dispositivi eLettroacustici, sensorI oceanograFici e metodologie finalizzati al monitoraggio dello stato delle risorse biologiche del mare" (ALIF), finanziato dal CIPE attraverso l’Assessorato Industria della Regione Sicilia. Alla Campagna oceanografica hanno partecipato i seguenti Enti: 1. Istituto per l’Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC), CNR, U.O. (TP); 2. Istituto Scienze Marine (ISMAR–CNR), Sezione Pesca Marittima, CNR, Ancona; 3. FAO - MedSudMed Project; 4. Malta Centre for Fisheries Sciences (MCFS), Fort S. Lucjan, MarsaXlokk, Malta. L'obiettivo della Campagna oceanografica è stato quello di valutare la distribuzione e l’abbondanza di piccoli pelagici, prevalentemente sardina (Sardina pilchardus) e acciuga (Engraulis encrasicolus), con l’impiego di strumentazione elettroacustica. Nella prima parte, l’area di lavoro è stata delimitata dalla piattaforma meridionale della Sicilia (da Marsala a oltre Capo Passero), nella seconda parte è stata poi studiata la piattaforma continentale di Malta. Le attività svolte sono di seguito descritte sinteticamente: - Rilevazioni acustiche degli stock di piccoli pelagici con echosounder scientifico “Simrad EK60”, con trasduttori split beam a scafo; - Campionamenti biologici di piccoli pelagici con rete pelagica dotata di sistema acustico “Simrad ITI” per il controllo della geometria della rete durante le attività di campionamento; - Campionamento acqua per la misurazione dei parametri fisico-chimici della colonna d’acqua con la sonda multiparametrica “Seabird 9/11”

ANKRd44 gene silencing: a putative role in trastuzumab resistance in HER2-like breast cancer

Trastuzumab is an effective therapeutic treatment for Her2-like breast cancer; despite this most of these tumors develop resistance to therapy due to specific gene mutations or alterations in gene expression. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to Trastuzumab could be a useful tool in order to identify combinations of drugs that elude resistance and allow a better response for the treated patients. Twelve primary biopsies of Her2+/hormone receptor negative (ER-/PgR-) breast cancer patients were selected based on the specific response to neoadjuvant therapy with Trastuzumab and their whole exome was sequenced leading to the identification of 18 informative gene mutations that discriminate patients selectively based on response to treatment. Among these genes, we focused on the study of the ANKRD44 gene to understand its role in the mechanism of resistance to Trastuzumab. The ANKRD44 gene was silenced in Her2-like breast cancer cell line (BT474), obtaining a partially Trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer cell line that constitutively activates the NF-kb protein via the TAK1/AKT pathway. Following this activation an increase in the level of glycolysis in resistant cells is promoted, also confirmed by the up-regulation of the LDHB protein and by an increased TROP2 protein expression, found generally associated with aggressive tumors. These results allow us to consider the ANKRD44 gene as a potential gene involved in Trastuzumab resistance

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome: a comparative analysis in an unselected sample of mediterranean subjects.

Abstract AIM: The metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk. This study aimed to compare the difference of the three established diagnostic criteria of MS, developed by Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), American Heart Association (AHA) and National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), and International Diabetes Federation (IDF), with regard to the prevalence of the syndrome and the ability to correctly identify individuals with cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease or subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS: We studied 947 consecutive patients underwent clinical evaluation between the 1997-2002. The project design included a medical assessment, biochemical analyses and the ecocolordoppler examination of carotid arteries. RESULTS: The MS prevalence was 37% in ATPIII subjects, 36% in AHA/NHLBI subjects and 43% in IDF subjects. Excluding patients with diabetes (N.=259), the MS prevalence ranged from 32% (ATPIII and AHA/NHLBI subjects) and 40% (IDF subjects). By most criteria, MS-positive subjects had significant incidence of carotid atherosclerosis (P<0.05) and cardiovascular events (P<0.05) than MS-negative subjects, but not cerebrovascular events. Finally, patients with MS had higher serum levels of fibrinogen (P<0.04). CONCLUSION: Subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events were increased in presence of the MS, irrespective of the several definitions

Senatori romani nel Pretorio di Gortina. Le statue di Asclepiodotus e la politica di Graziano dopo Adrianopoli, a cura di Francesca Bigi e Ignazio Tantillo

Nell’anno 383 d.C., presso la residenza appena ultimata del governatore della provincia di Creta, vennero erette una quindicina di nuove statue. Questo gruppo di monumenti costituisce un dossier documentario per molti versi enigmatico. Le statue, decretate dalle autorità locali e realizzate dall’allora governatore, raffiguravano alcuni tra i più importanti senatori dell’epoca, la maggior parte dei quali non sembra aver avuto legami con l'isola. Quale ragione spinse i cretesi a onorarli? Un riesame del contesto archeologico, dei supporti, dei testi epigrafici e soprattutto un inquadramento di questa singolare iniziativa nel contesto delle vicende di quegli anni, permette di avanzare nuove ipotesi sull’aspetto originario di questo ciclo monumentale, di chiarire alcuni importanti problemi di prosopografia e di storia amministrativa, nonché di collegare la manifestazione di riconoscenza dei cretesi per i senatori romani alla politica fiscale dell’imperatore Grazian

Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitania 2021: The images

The majority of the images provided for IRT are those taken by John Ward Perkins in 1948-1952, now held at the British School at Rome, where they can be consulted (https://ipervisions.bsrdigitalcollections.it/irt/). The images here are those which have been added to that collection, largely provided by colleagues who have worked in Tripolitania in the intervening period. The largest number were provided by Ignazio Tantillo (Tantillo.zip) and Francesc Bigi (Bigi.zip) from their work in Lepcis in 2008-2010 (see bibliography); others were provided by Michael Mackensen from his work at Gheriatel-Garbia (Mackensen.zip). The images provided by Philp Kenrick (Kenrick .zip) can also be accessed in the Libyan Studies Photographic Library (https://www.flickr.com/photos/societyforlibyanstudies/albums). The remainder are drawn by the editors from a variety of sources (Miscellaneous.zip)

TFPI antigen and activity levels in patients with asymptomatic atherosclerosis and target organ acute and chronic complications

AIM: In patients with atherosclerosis there is an activation of the tissue factor mediated coagulation cascade. The aim of our study was to ascertain if there is a relationship between increased tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) antigen and activity plasma levels and atherosclerosis. METHODS: Design: case-control study. Setting: Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Palermo and Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. Patients: 63 consecutive patients with asymptomatic atherosclerosis or with its acute or chronic complications, and 20 healthy volunteers. Measurements: TFPI antigen was detected by an immunoenzimatic assay (Imunobind total TFPI ELISA kit, American Diagnostica Inc., USA). TFPI activity was evaluated by an activity assay (Actichrome TFPI activity assay, American Diagnostica Inc., USA). RESULTS: Patients with chronic (P=0.0001 for TFPI Ag, P=0.006 for TFPI Ac) and acute (P=0.04 for TFPI Ag, P=0.01 for TFPI Ac) vascular disease and with asymptomatic carotid plaque (P=0.0019 for TFPI Ag, P<0.05 for TFPI Ac) had significantly increased TFPI antigen and activity plasma levels vs healthy volunteers. Moreover, patients with chronic vascular disease had higher TFPI Ag levels vs patients with asymptomatic atherosclerosis (P=0.0013). CONCLUSIONS: The originality of our study was the finding of increased TFPI levels, not only in patients with acute complication of atherosclerosis, but also in those with chronic vascular disease and with asymptomatic carotid plaque