Smith-Tant Debate on Campbell\u27s Baptism : Was Alexander Campbell Baptized In Order to Obtain Remission of Sins?

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AN ANALYSIS OF THE ERGOMETER AND RECUMBENT CYCLES IN TWO DIFFERENT SEAT POSITIONS

INTRODUCTION The bicycle ergometer has been used as a fitess and rehabilitative tool by many individuals. The recumbent bicycle, a relatively new ergometer, is also being used in this capacity. Although there has been a surge in research on the stationary bicycle, the majority of it has been oriented toward fitness rather than rehabilitation. Ericson, Nisell. and Gunner (1988) suggest that the bicycle is an useful therapeutic device because it increases range of motion (ROM) at the hip, knee and ankle joints and reduces compressive forces on the lower body. Mechanical loads placed on different joint structures can be controlled by changes in the workload, pedaling rate, or seat position of the ergometer. Timmer (1991) found that increased seat height produced greater ROM with increased stress on the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee but, decreased seat height reduced patellofemoral pressure and compressive forces at the tibiofemoral joint. There is no doubt that the exercise cycle is becoming more widely used, but the protocols for its use in rehabilitation have not been tested. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the kinematic and kinetic variables of the lower body, during the cycling motion, on two different cycles at two different seat positions. Additionally, to determine if specific cycles may produce unwanted stresses on the lower body during the rehabilitation process

SEGMENTALCOORDINATIONAND TEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF THE VOLLEYBALL PIKE

In the game ofvol1eyball, the spike is one ofthe most difficult and demanding techniques to master. The athlete is expect4ed to jump and hit a ball with maximum force and accuracy at the approximate peak of the jump. Prsala (1982) identified four phases in the analysis of the spike: the approach, preparation, hitting, and landing. The approach involves t 0 or three controlled running strides, a transitional last step to prepare for the transfer ofhorizontal momentum to vertical momentum, and a two foot vertical jump. In the preparatory phase the striking arm is swung upward in an abduct d and laterally rotated position. The elbow is fle ed at approximately 90 degrees and the wrist hyperextended. During the hitting phase, the shoulder is elevated; the upper arm is inwardly rotated and a ducted; the forearm is extended at the elbow and the wrist is flexed. The athl te absorbs the downward momentum by flexing the joints of the lower extremities when landing

Effective Grain Orientation Mapping of Complex and Locally Anisotropic Media for Improved Imaging in Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Testing

Imaging defects in austenitic welds presents a significant challenge for the ultrasonic non-destructive testing community. Due to the heating process during their manufacture, a dendritic structure develops, exhibiting large grains with locally anisotropic properties which cause the ultrasonic waves to scatter and refract. When basic imaging algorithms, which typically make constant wave speed assumptions, are applied to datasets arising from the inspection of these welds, the resulting defect reconstructions are often distorted and difficult to interpret correctly. However, knowledge of the underlying spatially varying material properties allows correction of the expected wave travel times and thus results in more reliable defect reconstructions. In this paper, an approximation to the underlying, locally anisotropic structure of the weld is constructed from ultrasonic time of flight data. A new forward model of wave front propagation in locally anisotropic media is presented and used within the reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo method to invert for the map of effective grain orientations across different regions of the weld. This forward model and estimated map are then used as the basis for an advanced imaging algorithm and the resulting defect reconstructions exhibit a significant improvement across multiple flaw characterization metrics

A spectral method for sizing cracks using ultrasonic arrays

Ultrasonic phased array systems are becoming increasingly popular as tools for the inspection of safety-critical structures within the non-destructive testing industry. The datasets captured by these arrays can be used to image the internal structure of individual components, allowing the location and nature of any defects to be deduced. Although there exist strict procedures for measuring defects via these imaging algorithms, sizing flaws which are smaller than two wavelengths in diameter can prove problematic and the choice of threshold at which the defect measurements are made can introduce an aspect of subjectivity. This paper puts forward a completely objective approach specific to cracks based on the Kirchhoff scattering model and the approximation of the resulting scattering matrices by Toeplitz matrices. A mathematical expression relating the crack size to the maximum eigenvalue of the associated scattering matrix is derived. Analysis of this approximation shows that the method will provide a unique crack size for a given maximum eigenvalue whilst providing a quick calculation method which avoids the need to numerically generate model scattering matrices (the computation time is up to 10^3 times faster). A sensitivity analysis demonstrates that the method is most effective for sizing defects that are commensurate with or smaller than the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave. The method is applied to simulated FMC data arising from finite element calculations where the crack length to wavelength ratios range between 0.6 and 1.9. The recovered objective crack size exhibits an error of 12%

Contribution of Surface Leaf-Litter Breakdown and Forest Composition to Benthic Oxygen Demand and Ecosystem Respiration in a South Georgia Blackwater River

Many North American blackwater rivers exhibit low dissolved O2 (DO) that may be the result of benthic respiration. We examined how tree species affected O2 demand via the quantity and quality of litter produced. In addition, we compared areal estimates of surface leaf-litter microbial respiration to sediment O2 demand (SOD) and ecosystem respiration (ER) in stream and swamp reaches of a blackwater river to quantify contributions of surface litter decomposition to O2 demand. Litter inputs averaged 917 and 678 g m−2 y−1 in the swamp and stream, respectively. Tree species differentially affected O2 demand via the quantity and quality of litter produced. Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) contributed most litter inputs because of its dominance and because it produced more litter per tree, thereby making greater relative contributions to O2 demand in the swamp. In the stream, water oak (Quercus nigra) produced litter supporting lower fungal biomass and O2 uptake rates, but produced more litter than red maple (Acer rubrum). Breakdown rates in the swamp were faster, whereas standing stock decreases were lower than in the stream, indicating greater organic matter retention. Surface litter microbial respiration accounted for 89% of SOD (6.37 g O2 m−2 d−1), and 57 to 89% of ER in the swamp. Our findings suggest that surface litter drives the majority of O2 demand in some blackwater swamps, and tree species with higher rates of litterfall may make larger contributions to ER. Forested swamps may be hotspots of O2 demand in blackwater rivers because low water velocities enhance retention

Epratuzumab (humanised anti-CD22 antibody) in primary Sjögren's syndrome: an open-label phase I/II study

This open-label, phase I/II study investigated the safety and efficacy of epratuzumab, a humanised anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of patients with active primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Sixteen Caucasian patients (14 females/2 males, 33–72 years) were to receive 4 infusions of 360 mg/m(2 )epratuzumab once every 2 weeks, with 6 months of follow-up. A composite endpoint involving the Schirmer-I test, unstimulated whole salivary flow, fatigue, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) was devised to provide a clinically meaningful assessment of response, defined as a ≥20% improvement in at least two of the aforementioned parameters, with ≥20% reduction in ESR and/or IgG considered as a single combined criterion. Fourteen patients received all infusions without significant reactions, 1 patient received 3, and another was discontinued due to a mild acute reaction after receiving a partial infusion. Three patients showed moderately elevated levels of Human anti-human (epratuzumab) antibody not associated with clinical manifestations. B-cell levels had mean reductions of 54% and 39% at 6 and 18 weeks, respectively, but T-cell levels, immunoglobulins, and routine safety laboratory tests did not change significantly. Fifty-three percent achieved a clinical response (at ≥20% improvement level) at 6 weeks, with 53%, 47%, and 67% responding at 10, 18, and 32 weeks, respectively. Approximately 40%–50% responded at the ≥30% level, while 10%–45% responded at the ≥50% level for 10–32 weeks. Additionally, statistically significant improvements were observed in fatigue, and patient and physician global assessments. Further, we determined that pSS patients have a CD22 over-expression in their peripheral B cells, which was downregulated by epratuzumab for at least 12 weeks after the therapy. Thus, epratuzumab appears to be a promising therapy in active pSS, suggesting that further studies be conducted

Defect imaging using sub-sampled array data with least squares migration

In ultrasonic phased array imaging, if the array element spacing is greater than half the wavelength, unwanted artefacts known as grating lobes can become prevalent and obscure signals arising from physical targets. This is problematic as use of dense, periodic arrays can result in large quantities of data and an acquisition time that is too lengthy for some applications. Thus, imaging algorithms which can act on sparsely collected data whilst retaining good image quality are highly desirable. Here we apply, for the first time to our knowledge, Least-Squares Migration (LSM), an imaging methodology originating within the seismology community, to sub-sampled ultrasonic array data, resulting in the attenuation of unwanted grating lobes. It is also shown that LSM can be used to obtain improved lateral resolution compared to that achieved by the Total Focusing Method, the current standard in ultrasonic NDT imaging

1946: Abilene Christian College Bible Lectures - Full Text

Abilene Christian College Lectures - 1946 INTRODUCTION It has been our purpose at Abilene Christian College down through the years to provide in the Annual Bible Lectureship programs that which would be appropriate for the time and most useful to the students and to the Lectureship visitors. The general subject for the 1946 lectures is “Things That Cannot Be Shaken.” This subject was selected because one of the battles, if not the battle, which the church faces today is against those forces which would undermine the bases of gospel truth. Many denominational leaders, in one way or another, are denying even the fundamentals of fundamentals— God is, the Bible is God\u27s Revelation, Jesus Christ is the Son of God and The Kingdom Cannot Be Shaken. Many others, some without knowing what they do, are accepting false teachings and ideologies which, if allowed to run their course, will destroy all true religion. It is believed that the 1946 lectures and this edition of the lectures will help toward establishing in the hearts of men the truth of the important theses discussed. It was the purpose of those who arranged the program that the Lectureship should, also, hold up Christianity as a working, practical religion; hence, the meetings on “Work in New Fields” and “The Church at Work.” The attendance of this Lectureship was the largest in the history of these yearly meetings. On Wednesday evening Brother Nichol spoke to a crowd of approximately 1700 persons. Other evening lectures were attended by crowds almost as large. Visitors came from more than a score of States and, also, from Canada and Mexico. It is the hope of all of us at the College that the fellowship of the 1946 Lectureship and the instruction given by the various speakers will continue to do good for years without end. DON H. MORRIS