Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering of p-(Dimethylamino) Cinnamic Acid on Silver and Silver-Gold Alloids

Through this experimental work we describe assignments for the Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra (on Ag and Ag(x)-Au(1-x) colloids) of 4-(dimethylamino) cinnamic acid (DMACA). DMACA is a push-pull charge transfer molecule that exhibits strong SERS signals and can potentially be used as an anti-counterfeiting taggant. Evidence in the spectra indicates that the molecule adsorbs to the surface through the dimethyl amino group with the benzene ring tilted or standing up with respect to surface. The SERS spectra of DMACA and 4-(dimethylamino) cinnamaldehyde (DMAC) on Ag nanoparticles are identical. We conclude that DMAC is oxidized on the surface to form DMACA on the basis of observed carboxyl vibrations in the surface

Regular and Singular Pulse and Front Solutions and Possible Isochronous Behavior in the Short-Pulse Equation: Phase-Plane, Multi-Infinite Series and Variational Approaches

In this paper we employ three recent analytical approaches to investigate the possible classes of traveling wave solutions of some members of a family of so-called short-pulse equations (SPE). A recent, novel application of phase-plane analysis is first employed to show the existence of breaking kink wave solutions in certain parameter regimes. Secondly, smooth traveling waves are derived using a recent technique to derive convergent multi-infinite series solutions for the homoclinic (heteroclinic) orbits of the traveling-wave equations for the SPE equation, as well as for its generalized version with arbitrary coefficients. These correspond to pulse (kink or shock) solutions respectively of the original PDEs. Unlike the majority of unaccelerated convergent series, high accuracy is attained with relatively few terms. And finally, variational methods are employed to generate families of both regular and embedded solitary wave solutions for the SPE PDE. The technique for obtaining the embedded solitons incorporates several recent generalizations of the usual variational technique and it is thus topical in itself. One unusual feature of the solitary waves derived here is that we are able to obtain them in analytical form (within the assumed ansatz for the trial functions). Thus, a direct error analysis is performed, showing the accuracy of the resulting solitary waves. Given the importance of solitary wave solutions in wave dynamics and information propagation in nonlinear PDEs, as well as the fact that not much is known about solutions of the family of generalized SPE equations considered here, the results obtained are both new and timely.Comment: accepted for publication in Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulatio

Non-classical symmetries and the singular manifold method: A further two examples

This paper discusses two equations with the conditional Painleve property. The usefulness of the singular manifold method as a tool for determining the non-classical symmetries that reduce the equations to ordinary differential equations with the Painleve property is confirmed once moreComment: 9 pages (latex), to appear in Journal of Physics

Fig Production and Germplasm in Turkey

Turkey is one of the most important genetic origins of fig (Ficus carica L.) in the world, and it extended to the Mediterranean countries (Spain, Italy, France, Greece, Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Portugal.), USA, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, South Caucasia, and Crimea. Fig germplasm in Turkey is located mainly at the Big Meander Valley and Small Meander Valley in the Aegean Region but also widely seen in the Southeast Anatolia, the Marmara, and the Mediterranean regions. Siirt, Bottan, Diyarbakir, Elazig, Gaziantep, Besni, Kahramanmaras, Ceyhan, and Ahir Mountain are the main fig germplasm locations at the Southeast Anatolia and the Mediterranean regions. These germplasm (285 fig cultivars and genotypes) are mainly collected at the orchards of Erbeyli Fig Research Institute in Aydın Province. Fig production of Turkey is about 305.689 tons in 1.152.799 tons of world fig production. Turkey is the biggest fig-producing country and is followed by Greece, the USA, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. Dried figs (mainly Sarilop cultivar) are obtained from Aydin Province in the Aegean region, while fresh figs are obtained from the Marmara and Mediterranean regions

Experimental, Software and Topological Optimization Study of Unpredictable Forces in Bolted Connections

Bolts cannot be loaded axially according to real field conditions in assembly lines. The main reasons for this are that the loads cannot be applied centred due to the plate thickness and the holes are wider than the bolt. This creates a change in the shear loads on the plate connections due to the moment. Therefore, in this study, a software including additional equations has been developed to reveal the moment formation which the bolts are exposed to. This program, prepared in Matlab software, first determines whether the material properties and thickness of the plate can withstand this tensile force when two bolt-connected plates are subjected to tensile force. If the plate is resistant to these tensile forces, the calculation is continued and the maximum shear stress on the bolts is calculated. For the experimental study, 5 samples with M6 bolt connections were prepared and tensile tests were carried out. The accuracy was measured by comparing the software result with the tensile tests and the finite element analysis results made in the Ansys program. In addition, a method for topology optimization is presented in order to improve the position of the connections on the plate

Efficient Path Planning for Drilling Processes: The Hybrid Approach of a Genetic Algorithm and Ant Colony Optimisation

Efficiency in machining time during drilling is affected by various factors, with one key element being the machining path. Solving the machining path closely resembles the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). In this article, drilling on a sample model is simulated using a hybrid algorithm that is developed based on TSP. This hybrid algorithm (GACO) is created by combining the strengths of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO). Codes written to verify the stability of the algorithms were executed 10 times, and results were recorded indicating the shortest path and machining sequence. Accordingly, the performance of the hybrid GACO algorithm was observed to be 3.16% better than the ACO algorithm in terms of both total path length and total machining time. In terms of computation time, the ACO algorithm lagged behind the GACO algorithm by 6.46%. Furthermore, the hybrid GACO algorithm demonstrated enhanced performance in both total path length and total machining time when compared with the literature. This study aims to contribute to the industry, professionals, and practitioners in this field by providing cost and time savings

Regulation of aldosterone secretion by Ca(v)1.3

This work is supported by NIHR Senior Investigator grant NF-SI-0512-10052 awarded to M.J.B.; the Austin Doyle Award (Servier Australia) and the Tunku Abdul Rahman Centenary Fund (St Catharine's College, Cambridge, UK) awarded to E.A.B.A.; Gates Cambridge Scholarship awarded to C.B.X.; L.H.S., S.G. and C.M. are supported by the British Heart Foundation PhD studentship FS/11/35/28871, FS/14/75/31134 and FS/14/12/30540 respectively; J.Z. was supported by the Cambridge Overseas Trust Scholarship and the Sun Hung Kai Properties-Kwoks’ Foundation; A.E.D.T. is funded by the Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR) Singapore and Wellcome Trust Award 085686/Z/08/A; LHS, JZ and EABA were further supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre; the Human Research Tissue Bank is supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre. The Cav1.3 constructs were kindly gifted by Dr. Joerg Striessnig and Dr Petronel Tuluc

Invariant Painleve analysis and coherent structures of two families of reaction-diffusion equations

Exact closed-form coherent structures (pulses/fronts/domain walls) having the form of complicated traveling waves are constructed for two families of reaction-diffusion equations by the use of invariant Painleveacute analysis. These analytical solutions, which are derived directly from the underlying PDE\u27s, are investigated in the light of restrictions imposed by the ODE that any traveling wave reduction of the corresponding PDE must satisfy. In particular, it is shown that the coherent structures (a) asymptotically satisfy the ODE governing traveling wave reductions, and (b) are accessible to the PDE from compact support initial conditions. The solutions are compared with each other, and with previously known solutions of the equations

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of P- Aminobenzoic Acid on Nobel Metal Nanoparticle Surfaces

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a surface sensitive technique which enhances the Raman scattering of adsorbed molecules on rough metal surfaces. SERS is a good way to test how adsorbed molecules interact with nanoparticle surfaces, including their orientation reactivity on the surfaces. In this study, SERS spectra of para aminobenzoic acid (PABA) were obtained on both silver and gold nanoparticles in solutions at varied concentrations of PABA

Animal models of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy:a machine-assisted systematic review and meta-analysis

<div><p>We report a systematic review and meta-analysis of research using animal models of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). We systematically searched 5 online databases in September 2012 and updated the search in November 2015 using machine learning and text mining to reduce the screening for inclusion workload and improve accuracy. For each comparison, we calculated a standardised mean difference (SMD) effect size, and then combined effects in a random-effects meta-analysis. We assessed the impact of study design factors and reporting of measures to reduce risks of bias. We present power analyses for the most frequently reported behavioural tests; 337 publications were included. Most studies (84%) used male animals only. The most frequently reported outcome measure was evoked limb withdrawal in response to mechanical monofilaments. There was modest reporting of measures to reduce risks of bias. The number of animals required to obtain 80% power with a significance level of 0.05 varied substantially across behavioural tests. In this comprehensive summary of the use of animal models of CIPN, we have identified areas in which the value of preclinical CIPN studies might be increased. Using both sexes of animals in the modelling of CIPN, ensuring that outcome measures align with those most relevant in the clinic, and the animal’s pain contextualised ethology will likely improve external validity. Measures to reduce risk of bias should be employed to increase the internal validity of studies. Different outcome measures have different statistical power, and this can refine our approaches in the modelling of CIPN.</p></div