Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering of p-(Dimethylamino) Cinnamic Acid on Silver and Silver-Gold Alloids

Through this experimental work we describe assignments for the Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra (on Ag and Ag(x)-Au(1-x) colloids) of 4-(dimethylamino) cinnamic acid (DMACA). DMACA is a push-pull charge transfer molecule that exhibits strong SERS signals and can potentially be used as an anti-counterfeiting taggant. Evidence in the spectra indicates that the molecule adsorbs to the surface through the dimethyl amino group with the benzene ring tilted or standing up with respect to surface. The SERS spectra of DMACA and 4-(dimethylamino) cinnamaldehyde (DMAC) on Ag nanoparticles are identical. We conclude that DMAC is oxidized on the surface to form DMACA on the basis of observed carboxyl vibrations in the surface

Fig Production and Germplasm in Turkey

Turkey is one of the most important genetic origins of fig (Ficus carica L.) in the world, and it extended to the Mediterranean countries (Spain, Italy, France, Greece, Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Portugal.), USA, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, South Caucasia, and Crimea. Fig germplasm in Turkey is located mainly at the Big Meander Valley and Small Meander Valley in the Aegean Region but also widely seen in the Southeast Anatolia, the Marmara, and the Mediterranean regions. Siirt, Bottan, Diyarbakir, Elazig, Gaziantep, Besni, Kahramanmaras, Ceyhan, and Ahir Mountain are the main fig germplasm locations at the Southeast Anatolia and the Mediterranean regions. These germplasm (285 fig cultivars and genotypes) are mainly collected at the orchards of Erbeyli Fig Research Institute in Aydın Province. Fig production of Turkey is about 305.689 tons in 1.152.799 tons of world fig production. Turkey is the biggest fig-producing country and is followed by Greece, the USA, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. Dried figs (mainly Sarilop cultivar) are obtained from Aydin Province in the Aegean region, while fresh figs are obtained from the Marmara and Mediterranean regions

Experimental, Software and Topological Optimization Study of Unpredictable Forces in Bolted Connections

Bolts cannot be loaded axially according to real field conditions in assembly lines. The main reasons for this are that the loads cannot be applied centred due to the plate thickness and the holes are wider than the bolt. This creates a change in the shear loads on the plate connections due to the moment. Therefore, in this study, a software including additional equations has been developed to reveal the moment formation which the bolts are exposed to. This program, prepared in Matlab software, first determines whether the material properties and thickness of the plate can withstand this tensile force when two bolt-connected plates are subjected to tensile force. If the plate is resistant to these tensile forces, the calculation is continued and the maximum shear stress on the bolts is calculated. For the experimental study, 5 samples with M6 bolt connections were prepared and tensile tests were carried out. The accuracy was measured by comparing the software result with the tensile tests and the finite element analysis results made in the Ansys program. In addition, a method for topology optimization is presented in order to improve the position of the connections on the plate

Invariant Painleve analysis and coherent structures of two families of reaction-diffusion equations

Exact closed-form coherent structures (pulses/fronts/domain walls) having the form of complicated traveling waves are constructed for two families of reaction-diffusion equations by the use of invariant Painleveacute analysis. These analytical solutions, which are derived directly from the underlying PDE\u27s, are investigated in the light of restrictions imposed by the ODE that any traveling wave reduction of the corresponding PDE must satisfy. In particular, it is shown that the coherent structures (a) asymptotically satisfy the ODE governing traveling wave reductions, and (b) are accessible to the PDE from compact support initial conditions. The solutions are compared with each other, and with previously known solutions of the equations

Regular and Singular Pulse and Front Solutions and Possible Isochronous Behavior in the Short-Pulse Equation: Phase-Plane, Multi-Infinite Series and Variational Approaches

In this paper we employ three recent analytical approaches to investigate the possible classes of traveling wave solutions of some members of a family of so-called short-pulse equations (SPE). A recent, novel application of phase-plane analysis is first employed to show the existence of breaking kink wave solutions in certain parameter regimes. Secondly, smooth traveling waves are derived using a recent technique to derive convergent multi-infinite series solutions for the homoclinic (heteroclinic) orbits of the traveling-wave equations for the SPE equation, as well as for its generalized version with arbitrary coefficients. These correspond to pulse (kink or shock) solutions respectively of the original PDEs. Unlike the majority of unaccelerated convergent series, high accuracy is attained with relatively few terms. And finally, variational methods are employed to generate families of both regular and embedded solitary wave solutions for the SPE PDE. The technique for obtaining the embedded solitons incorporates several recent generalizations of the usual variational technique and it is thus topical in itself. One unusual feature of the solitary waves derived here is that we are able to obtain them in analytical form (within the assumed ansatz for the trial functions). Thus, a direct error analysis is performed, showing the accuracy of the resulting solitary waves. Given the importance of solitary wave solutions in wave dynamics and information propagation in nonlinear PDEs, as well as the fact that not much is known about solutions of the family of generalized SPE equations considered here, the results obtained are both new and timely.Comment: accepted for publication in Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulatio

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of P- Aminobenzoic Acid on Nobel Metal Nanoparticle Surfaces

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a surface sensitive technique which enhances the Raman scattering of adsorbed molecules on rough metal surfaces. SERS is a good way to test how adsorbed molecules interact with nanoparticle surfaces, including their orientation reactivity on the surfaces. In this study, SERS spectra of para aminobenzoic acid (PABA) were obtained on both silver and gold nanoparticles in solutions at varied concentrations of PABA

Global Parameters of Eight W UMa-type Binary Systems

Multiband photometric investigations for eight binary systems of the W Ursae Majoris (W UMa)-type are presented. Six systems are presented for the first time to analyze their light curves. All the analyzed systems have a temperature below 5000 K and an orbital period of less than 0.28 days. We extracted primary and secondary minima from the ground-based observations of these systems. According to a few observations reported in the literature, linear fits were considered in the O-C diagrams, and new ephemerides were presented. Light curve solutions were performed using the PHysics Of Eclipsing BinariEs (PHOEBE) code. The results of the mass ratio and fillout factor indicate that the systems are contact binary stars. Six of them showed the O'Connell effect, and a cold starspot on each companion was required for light curve solutions. Their absolute parameters were estimated and evaluated by two other methods. In this study, the empirical relationship between the orbital period and semi-major axis was updated using a sample consisting of 414 contact binary systems and the Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) approach. Also, using Machine Learning (ML) and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model, the relationship between $P-T_1-M_1$ was updated for a better estimation of the mass of the primary star.Comment: Accepted by the PASP Journa

An approximate analytic solution of a particular boundary value problem

This note is concerned with the three-dimensional quasi-steady-state heat conduction equation subject to certain boundary conditions in the whole x′y′-plane and finite in z′-direction. This type of boundary value problem arises in laser welding process. The solution to this problem can be represented by an integral using Fourier analysis. This integral is approximated to obtain a simple analytic expression for the temperature distribution

Context Dependent Role of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Allergic Skin Inflammation.

The discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILC) has profoundly influenced the understanding of innate and adaptive immune crosstalk in health and disease. ILC and T cells share developmental and functional characteristics such as the lineage-specifying transcription factors and effector cytokines, but importantly ILC do not display rearranged antigen-specific receptors. Similar to T cells ILC are subdivided into 3 different helper-like subtypes, namely ILC1-3, and a killer-like subtype comprising natural killer (NK) cells. Increasing evidence supports the physiological relevance of ILC, e.g., in wound healing and defense against parasites, as well as their pathogenic role in allergy, inflammatory bowel diseases or psoriasis. Group 2 ILC have been attributed to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases like asthma and atopic dermatitis. Other inflammatory skin diseases such as allergic contact dermatitis are profoundly shaped by inflammatory NK cells. This article reviews the role of ILC in allergic skin diseases with a major focus on ILC2. While group 2 ILC are suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 dominated inflammation as seen in atopic dermatitis, we have shown that lack of ILC2 in type 1 dominated contact hypersensitivity results in enhanced inflammation, suggesting a regulatory role of ILC2 in this context. We provide a concept of how ILC2 may influence context dependent the mutual counterbalance between type I and type II immune responses in allergic skin diseases

Exploring flexible polynomial regression as a method to align routine clinical outcomes with daily data capture through remote technologies

BACKGROUND: Clinical outcomes are normally captured less frequently than data from remote technologies, leaving a disparity in volumes of data from these different sources. To align these data, flexible polynomial regression was investigated to estimate personalised trends for a continuous outcome over time. METHODS: Using electronic health records, flexible polynomial regression models inclusive of a 1st up to a 4th order were calculated to predict forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) over time in children with cystic fibrosis. The model with the lowest AIC for each individual was selected as the best fit. The optimal parameters for using flexible polynomials were investigated by comparing the measured FEV1 values to the values given by the individualised polynomial. RESULTS: There were 8,549 FEV1 measurements from 267 individuals. For individuals with > 15 measurements (n = 178), the polynomial predictions worked well; however, with < 15 measurements (n = 89), the polynomial models were conditional on the number of measurements and time between measurements. The method was validated using BMI in the same population of children. CONCLUSION: Flexible polynomials can be used to extrapolate clinical outcome measures at frequent time intervals to align with daily data captured through remote technologies