Gambling attitudes associated with problem gambling : the cohort effect of baby boomers

The current study sought to examine the effects of gambling attitudes and beliefs on problem gambling behaviour across three cohorts, namely Generation X, Baby Boomers, and the Silent Generation. Individuals from Northern and Southern Ontario completed either an online or paper version of a questionnaire that included the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI) and South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) to measure problem gambling, the Gambling Attitudes Scales (GAS) to measure gambling attitudes, and the Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Survey (GABS), Gamblers’ Beliefs Questionnaire (GBQ), and Gambling Related Cognitions Scale (GRCS) to measure gambling beliefs. A sample of 308 participants consisted of 101 individuals from Generation X, 139 from the Baby Boom cohort, and 68 from the Silent Generation. Analyses focused on differences between Baby Boomers and their surrounding cohorts, but especially on differences between the older two cohorts. For Baby Boomers, higher scores on the GBQ Luck/Perseverance scale and GRCS Illusion of Control scale were associated with higher levels of problem gambling than the Silent Generation. However, Generation X’s scores on GBQ Luck/Perseverance were associated with higher levels of problem gambling than the Baby Boom cohort. Furthermore, higher levels of the Perceived Inability to Stop Gambling variable on the GRCS was more associated with problem gambling status in the Baby Boom cohort than the Silent Generation. Attitudes associated with problem gambling were not found to differ among cohorts. These results suggest that while cohorts may not differ in types or levels of distorted beliefs, they differ in how such distortions relate to problem gambling. Therefore, according to our results, Baby Boomers who have distortions about luck or illusions of control over gambling have higher levels of problem gambling than those with similar distortions from the Silent Generatio

The Effects of Simulated Herbivory on the Growth of Wisconsin Fast Plants

Wisconsin Fast Plant (Brassica rapa, Brassicaceae) seeds were planted in three six-celled containers with 15 seeds in each tray. After a week of germination in standard potting soil and tap water, we started our manipulation of simulating herbivory with scissors. E1 plants had both cotyledons of each plant removed, E2 plants had half of the cotyledons of each plant removed, and the control group was allowed to grow. E2 plants had its foliage leaves cut when they exceeded 1 cm from that week on. Every week (seven-day intervals), the height of all the plants were recorded as well as the number of flowers and foliage leaves. By the fourth week of recording data, the average height (in cm) of the control plants was 12.15, E1 plants was 8.14, and E2 plants was 8.806. The average number of flowering plants during the fourth week of measurement was 8 plants for the control group, 4 for E1, and 9 for E2. The t-test for the height of control plants vs E1 plants was statistically significant (p=.009803). The control plants vs E2 plants was also significant (p=0.010953). The E1 vs E2 plants was not statistically significant (p= 0.292112). Our hypothesis that plants that experience a loss of half of their cotyledons will have a lower biomass than the plants that undergo continuous herbivory was not supported. We suspect that herbivory, regardless of whether it is continuous, may have an equal effect on the fast plants because we were unable to reject the null hypothesis

Pamphlets for War: The Role of Lord Burghley’s Pamphlet Discourse in Avoiding Civil War

During the sixteenth century, England sat as a conflicted nation among a continent of tumultuous civil wars and reformations. While neighboring countries fought within and among themselves, England somehow managed to avoid a formal civil war. The confounding lack of war in England during the latter half of the sixteenth century could be related to the constant discourse between prominent protestants and catholics. One such prominent protestant was Lord Cecil Burghley, who served as a royal minister and maintained good relations with Queen Elizabeth I. Lord Burghley’s pamphlet, The Execution of Justice in England, and other documents of discourse at the time may contribute to a war of pamphlets based on the rhetoric and relationship Burghley demonstrated. With our research, we hope to discover what within the pamphlets contributed to keeping the religious turbulence within the realms of a war of discourse rather than a full-fledged civil war. Based on preliminary investigation, we have found that the rhetoric of the pamphlets, the sheer amount of discourse and correspondence, and the relationship between the writers and the audiences could have contributed to England’s abstinence from civil war. Observing the discourse within Burghley’s pamphlet and other responding documents, we can gain an understanding of what set England apart from other surrounding countries facing similar religious and political tumult. Our findings may also contribute to a greater conversation surrounding the power of conversation, dialogue, and discourse to either prevent or incite war

The importance of group factors in the delivery of group-based parenting programmes:a process evaluation of Mellow Babies

Introduction: The role of the group has been largely overlooked within evaluations of group-based parenting programmes. Group contextual factors, including size and level of homogeneity, may impact on essential group processes, such as group identification and cohesion, that are necessary to activate interpersonal change mechanisms and attain programme outcomes. This process evaluation of Mellow Babies, a 14-week attachment-based group parenting programme for mothers of infants aged under 18 months, explores how group context affected mother and practitioner experiences of the programme.Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with fourteen mothers and three practitioners from three different Mellow Babies groups. Framework Analysis was employed to analyse data, using groups as cases within the framework matrix while preserving individual participants within each case. This allowed comparisons to be made within and between groups.Results: Four group contextual factors impacted on the quality of programme delivery: (1) group size; (2) level of group homogeneity; (3) pre-existing relationships; and (4) personalities within the group. These contextual factors affected the hypothesised intervention mechanisms: (1) fluid progression through the stages of group development; (2) a safe, non-judgemental, contained space; (3) social identification with group; (4) group cohesion; and (5) a culture of openness, support and empowerment.Discussion: Findings have implications for future delivery and implementation of group-based parenting programmes, for example, the importance of considering group composition during programme recruitment. Practitioners may also benefit from a stronger focus on group processes and enabling group dynamics within training, supervision, and the programme manual

Mapping Prostitution: Sex, Space, Taxonomy in the Fin-de-Siècle French Novel

This dissertation examines representations of prostitution in male-authored French novels from the later nineteenth century. It proposes that prostitution has a map, and that realist and naturalist authors appropriate this cartography in the Second Empire and early Third Republic to make sense of a shifting and overhauled Paris perceived to resist mimetic literary inscription. Though always significant in realist and naturalist narrative, space is uniquely complicit in the novel of prostitution due to the contemporary policy of reglementarism, whose primary instrument was the mise en carte: an official registration that subjected prostitutes to moral and hygienic surveillance, but also “put them on the map,” classifying them according to their space of practice (such as the brothel or the boulevard). It is this spatial and conceptual taxonomy, I contend, that makes the prostitute a fulcrum for authorial mapping – for the assertion of mastery over both the prostitute and the city. The first chapter reads the inscription of the tolerated brothel in novels by Huysmans and Goncourt as the mark of a nostalgic longing for old Paris and a desire for stability in a resistant urban present. Analyzing the representation of the brasserie à femmes in lesser-known works by Tabarant and Barrès, Chapter Two posits that the brasserie prostitute fuels the desires of a generation of aspirational Rastignacs by selling stories alongside beer and sex, adopting a writerly role and troubling authorial mastery of the prostitute and the city. The mobilization of prostitutional metaphors in the Rougon-Macquart is the subject of the third chapter, which argues that Zola deploys the prostitute’s entropic force to dismantle the Paris of his predecessors, Balzac and Haussmann, and clear the ground for the construction of a proper city. The final chapter demonstrates that fin-de-siècle novelist Charles-Louis Philippe makes use of the clandestinity of street prostitution in order to locate a breed of urban mapping that is not contingent on mastery. By remapping the prostitute, the dissertation proposes a new model for understanding both the nineteenth-century novel of prostitution and the lived and represented experience of a Paris that Zola termed “le mauvais lieu de l’Europe.”Romance Languages and Literature

‘Treading lightly’: Travel and Offsetting Policies in UK International Development Research Institutes and NGOs

There is increasing concern over climate change impacts of the international development sector, because climate change is disproportionately affecting those groups primarily targeted by international development organisations; poor people in poor countries. Yet in their activities, these organisations generate greenhouse gases causing climate change, commonly with the most significant contributions due to travel by air. This is problematic given that the international nature of the sector often demands high levels of overseas travel

Mechanistic characterization of the DEAD-box RNA helicase Ded1 from yeast as revealed by a novel technique using single-molecule magnetic tweezers

International audienceDEAD-box helicases are involved in all steps of RNA metabolism. They are ATP-dependent RNA binding proteins and RNA-dependent ATPases. They can displace short duplexes, but they lack processivity. Their mechanism and functioning are not clearly understood; classical or bulk biochemical assays are not sufficient to answer these questions. Single-molecule techniques provide useful tools, but they are limited in cases where the proteins are nonprocessive and give weak signals. We present here a new, magnetic-tweezers-based, single-molecule assay that is simple and that can sensitively measure the displacement time of a small, hybridized, RNA oligonucleotide. Tens of molecules can be analyzed at the same time. Comparing the displacement times with and without a helicase gives insights into the enzymatic activity of the protein. We used this assay to study yeast Ded1, which is orthologous to human DDX3. Although Ded1 acts on a variety of substrates, we find that Ded1 requires an RNA substrate for its ATP-dependent unwinding activity and that ATP hydrolysis is needed to see this activity. Further, we find that only intramolecular single-stranded RNA extensions enhance this activity. We propose a model where ATP-bound Ded1 stabilizes partially unwound duplexes and where multiple binding events may be needed to see displacement

RNA Sequence to Structure Analysis from Comprehensive Pairwise Mutagenesis of Multiple Self-Cleaving Ribozymes

Self-cleaving ribozymes are RNA molecules that catalyze the cleavage of their own phosphodiester backbones. These ribozymes are found in all domains of life and are also a tool for biotechnical and synthetic biology applications. Self-cleaving ribozymes are also an important model of sequence-to-function relationships for RNA because their small size simplifies synthesis of genetic variants and self-cleaving activity is an accessible readout of the functional consequence of the mutation. Here, we used a high-throughput experimental approach to determine the relative activity for every possible single and double mutant of five self-cleaving ribozymes. From this data, we comprehensively identified non-additive effects between pairs of mutations (epistasis) for all five ribozymes. We analyzed how changes in activity and trends in epistasis map to the ribozyme structures. The variety of structures studied provided opportunities to observe several examples of common structural elements, and the data was collected under identical experimental conditions to enable direct comparison. Heatmap-based visualization of the data revealed patterns indicating structural features of the ribozymes including paired regions, unpaired loops, non-canonical structures, and tertiary structural contacts. The data also revealed signatures of functionally critical nucleotides involved in catalysis. The results demonstrate that the data sets provide structural information similar to chemical or enzymatic probing experiments, but with additional quantitative functional information. The large-scale data sets can be used for models predicting structure and function and for efforts to engineer self-cleaving ribozymes

Le lien entre le patient migrant mineur atteint du trouble de stress post-traumatique et l'infirmière: comment mieux entrer en relation pour soutenir le développement des ressources ? : travail de Bachelor

Pour les migrants mineurs, nombreuses sont les difficultés créant une barrière dans la relation de soin. Le parcours migratoire affecte la période de l'adolescence et peut multiplier la complexité de son vécu. Pour les mineurs migrants, la découverte d'une autre langue et d'une autre culture dans un contexte de TSPT souligne que cette population spécifique a des besoins singuliers. Ces questions sont explorées sous l'angle de la théorie infirmière de Hildegard Peplau