Performing total knee replacement in cases with various degrees of bone loss

The paper analyses main factors that effect treatment results of total knee arthroplasties in cases of bone defects, such as a size and types of bone defects, their connection with previous surgeries, existing classification with their benefits and weak points. Authors show various possibilities of surgical treatment of bone defects that can provide better stability for prosthetic devices. The importance of bone grafts is highlighted as their remodeling provides the base for implant stability in late period of outcome

Minimum flexural reinforcement for T-beams made of higher strength concrete

Design codes specify minimum flexural reinforcement for reinforced concrete beams. With the extensive use of higher strength concrete, the empirical expressions of the past for minimum flexural reinforcement, in which the concrete strength is not considered, had to be revised. Six reinforced concrete T-beams, having small ratios of flexural reinforcement, were tested to study the behaviour at the positive moment region and to evaluate the code requirements on minimum flexural reinforcement. A criterion was set and evaluations of different minimum reinforcement requirements were made using this criterion and the test data

Evaluation of minimum shear reinforcement requirements for higher strength concrete

This paper presents an evaluation on the minimum shear reinforcement requirements given in the ACI, Canadian, and Turkish codes for high-strength concrete. Thirteen beams having the minimum shear reinforcement required by ACI 318-83, the Turkish Code, and the equations proposed in this paper were tested Concrete strength varied between so and 80 MPa (8700 and 11,600 psi). For high-strength concrete (f(a)' > 69 MPa), the minimum shear reinforcement requirements of the Turkish Code and ACI 318-95 are not very different from one another Similarly, requirements of the 1994 Canadian Code (CSA A23.3-94) are not too different from the proposed equation. In light of the test results, the adequacy of code requirements are discussed. Emphasis is given to reserve strength ductility, and cracking

Odd surface waves in two-dimensional incompressible fluids

We consider free surface dynamics of a two-dimensional incompressible fluid with odd viscosity. The odd viscosity is a peculiar part of the viscosity tensor which does not result in dissipation and is allowed when parity symmetry is broken. For the case of incompressible fluids, the odd viscosity manifests itself through the free surface (no stress) boundary conditions. We first find the free surface wave solutions of hydrodynamics in the linear approximation and study the dispersion of such waves. As expected, the surface waves are chiral and even exist in the absence of gravity and vanishing shear viscosity. In this limit, we derive effective nonlinear Hamiltonian equations for the surface dynamics, generalizing the linear solutions to the weakly nonlinear case. Within the small surface angle approximation, the equation of motion leads to a new class of non-linear chiral dynamics governed by what we dub the {\it chiral} Burgers equation. The chiral Burgers equation is identical to the complex Burgers equation with imaginary viscosity and an additional analyticity requirement that enforces chirality. We present several exact solutions of the chiral Burgers equation. For generic multiple pole initial conditions, the system evolves to the formation of singularities in a finite time similar to the case of an ideal fluid without odd viscosity. We also obtain a periodic solution to the chiral Burgers corresponding to the non-linear generalization of small amplitude linear waves

ORTA (ÇANKIRI) YÖRESİ KlL YATAKLARININ JEOLOJlSl VE OLUŞUMU

Orta (Çankırı) sahasında linyit damadan ile aratabakalı, kaolinitik killer bulunmaktadır. Bu killerin jeolojik oluşumunu anlamak amacıyla kil yatağı ve çevresindeki kayaçtan içeren alanda jeolojik, mineralojik, petrografik ve mikromorfolojik incelemeler yapılmıştır. Kayaç örnekleri optik mikroskop, X-ışını toz difraktometresi, tarama elektron mikroskobu ile incelenmiştir. Kaolinitik killer, temel kayaçlann üzerindeki gölsel çökelme havzasında akarsularla taşınarak çökelen ve killi, siltli Pliyosen yaşlı Orta formasyonunda oluşmuştur. Ortama, başlıca simekütten oluşan detritik malzeme sağlayan temel kayaçlar, piroklastik (Kepezinkaş formasyonu) ve lav akıntısı (Naltepe bazaltı) karakterindedir. Aynca, Simektitin bazı otijenik süreçlere bağlı olarak da gelişimini işaret eden veriler bulunmuştur. Kil tabakaları asit bataklık ortamında Simektitin kaolinite dönüşümü sonucu oluşmuştur

Occupant friendly seismic retrofit (OFR) of RC framed buildings

An innovative non-evacuation retrofitting technique is being developed for RC buildings. The introduction of cast-in-place RC infill walls is very effective, but involves messy construction work and requires evacuation. The proposed method transforms existing hollow masonry infill walls by reinforcing them with precast concrete panels epoxy glued to the wall and frame members. Three tests have so far been performed under reversed cyclic loading. The first specimen was an ordinary RC frame with hollow brick infill walls, to serve as a reference specimen. The infills of the other two specimens were strengthened with epoxy glued precast concrete panels. Both strengthened specimens exhibited superior behaviour and capacity, indicating the potential of the retrofitting technique

Adaptive domain-specific service monitoring

Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the full text of this article is only available via subscription.We propose an adaptive and domain-specific service monitoring approach to detect partner service errors in a cost-effective manner. Hereby, we not only consider generic errors such as file not found or connection timed out, but also take domain-specific errors into account. The detection of each type of error entails a different monitoring cost in terms of the consumed resources. To reduce costs, we adapt the monitoring frequency for each service and for each type of error based on the measured error rates and a cost model. We introduce an industrial case study from the broadcasting and content-delivery domain for improving the user-perceived reliability of Smart TV systems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with real data collected to be relevant for a commercial TV portal application. We present empirical results regarding the trade-off between monitoring overhead and error detection accuracy. Our results show that each service is usually subject to various types of errors with different error rates and exploiting this variation can reduce monitoring costs by up to 30% with negligible compromise on the quality of monitoring