Synthesis of different thio-scaffolds bearing sulfonamide with subnanomolar carbonic anhydrase II and IX inhibitory properties and X-ray investigations for their inhibitory mechanism.

Abstract Several new molecules with different thio-scaffolds were designed, synthesised, and evaluated biologically as inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrases (CAIs). The structure-activity relationship analysis identified thioether derivatives, here reported, as a potent and selective CAIs against hCA II and hCA IX. High resolution X-ray structure of inhibitor bound hCA II revealed extensive interactions with the hydrophobic pocket of active site and provided molecular insight into the binding properties of these new inhibitors

Hydroxytyrosol rich-mixture from olive mill wastewater and production of green products by feeding Rhodopseudomonas sp. S16-FVPT5 with the residual effluent

This study disserts on the exploitation of olive mill wastewater (OMW) for the production of both bio-based poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and hydrogen (H 2 ) by using the residual effluent as feedstock for growing purple bacteria after the recovery of hydroxytyrosol-rich mixtures. In particular, Rhodopseudomonas sp. S16-FVPT5 was fed with either the virgin OMW or dephenolized-OMW (d-OMW). For polyphenols removal, the OMW was treated with activated carbon; subsequently, acidified ethanol (pH = 3.1) at 50 °C was used as extractor solvent for obtaining hydroxytyrosol-rich mixtures. The maximum hydroxytyrosol content in the resultant polyphenolic mixture was 2.02 g/L. The highest co-production of PHB (315 mg PHB/L) and H 2 (2236 mL H 2 /L) were achieved feeding Rhodopseudomonas sp. S16-FVPT5 with pure d-OMW. The highest hydrogen yield (4.55 L(H 2 )/L d-OMW ) was obtained feeding the bacterium with d-OMW, diluted at 25%; by increasing the content of d-OMW into the culture broth the hydrogen yield progressively decreased. Lower results were obtained by feeding the bacterium with a synthetic medium, the cumulative hydrogen was 1855 mL H 2 /L); the PHB was 101 mg PHB/L. The highest theoretical light conversion efficiency was 2.36% with the synthetic medium and 1.99% when feeding Rhodopseudomonas sp. S16-FVPT5 with d-OMW diluted with water 50%, v/v