Optical implementation of visible gray-image morphology with the visual-area-coding technique

This paper was published in Optics Express and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/AO.35.001234 Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law

Deep-Sea-Inspired Chemistry: A Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Bottom of the Ocean for Chemists

「深海インスパイヤード化学」のコンセプトを発表 --カーボンニュートラル実現に向けた新たな深海利用の提案--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-06-09.The ocean constitutes approximately 70% of Earth’s surface. Its average depth is 3688 m, of which depths beyond 200 m are classified as the deep sea. The deep sea is distinct from the surface of the ocean in terms of pressure, temperature, and sunlight. The unique physicochemical processes under the extreme environment of the deep sea and the specialized biochemical mechanisms developed by organisms to survive in the deep sea can serve as a vast source of inspiration for scientific and technological advancements. In this Perspective, we discuss three examples of deep-sea-inspired chemistry: (1) soft materials that respond to high pressures such as those observed in the deep sea; (2) molecular self-assembly inspired by the chemistry of hot and compressed water in deep-sea hydrothermal vents; and (3) nanobiotechnology and biomimetics inspired by survival strategies of deep-sea organisms. Finally, we provide an outlook on deep-sea-inspired chemistry. This Perspective aims to promote the sustainable utilization of the ocean based on knowledge, as opposed to the conventional utilization of the ocean solely based on resources. We hope that this Perspective will encourage chemists to harness their inspiration gleaned from the deep sea

Total synthesis of (±)-stemonamide, (±)-isostemonamide, (±)-stemonamine, and (±)-isostemonamine using a radical cascade

金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系A total synthesis of (±)-stemonamide and (±)-isostemonamide has been achieved by using a radical cascade that involves two endo-selective cyclizations. (±)-Stemonamine and (±)-isostemonamine are synthesized by chemoselective reduction of (±)-stemonamide and (±)-isostemonamide, respectively. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

ロシア・東部バイカル地域におけるマントル進化

The genesis of major groups of xenoliths from the Late Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the eastern part of Baikal Rift System is considered on the basis of petrology and mineral chemistry. Reconstructed mantle sections beneath the Vitim field appear to be more complex than beneath the Udokan field due to significant modification by hydrous metasomatic melts. Peridotite xenoliths from the Miocene picrobasalts represent garnet and spinel depth facies. Pyroxenite xenoliths are interpreted as products of three types of the melt. The first forms Cr-diopside pyroxenites, it is an interstitial melt migrating through peridotite, and it is similar to melts described in peridotite massifs as undergoing percolative fractionation. Textural and compositional relationships indicate melt segregation and fractionation under the high-pressure conditions towards Al-rich pyroxenites and - at shallower levels - towards sp-websterites. The second and third melt types form the hydrous veins and megacrystic pyroxenites, respectively. Both were crystallized in larger channels relative to the first melt type, whereby the amphibole- and phlogopite-bearing assemblages may represent smaller channels on a scale of dozen centimeters. Three series of peridotite xenoliths from Pliocene basanites were determined: (1) high-T garnet and spinel lherzolites, (2) low-T spinel lherzolites and harzburgites, (3) low-T titaniferous spinel lherzolites. Protogranular peridotites of the Series 1 represent primitive to moderately depleted mantle from the depths 60-80km at T=1100-1250℃. Trace element patterns in clinopyroxenes are indicative of low degree partial melting of the primitive mantle. Peridotites of the Series 2 correspond to the depths 40-50km at T=800-900℃. Titaniferous peridotites enriched in pyroxenes and spinel were newly detected. They have a mosaic equigranular texture and are suggested to be a rare type of melt/mantle interaction. T-estimations within 750-850℃ projected to a geotherm allow to interprete their correspondence to the uppermost mantle section (40-50km depth). High Ti content (TiO_2=0.55% in the bulk rock) may characterize a metasomatizing melt generated from ilmenite- and/or phlogopite-bearing source. Clinopyroxene REE patterns (La/Yb)_n=0.01-0.08) reveal an evidence for MORB-like composition of coexisting melt. Xenoliths from the Pliocene basanites of Kuas Lake (Udokan field) show variation of unhydrous depletion and enrichment of lower lithosphere. Xenoliths correspond to spinel facies and may be divided into lherzolite, harzburgite and dunite, and websterite groups. Depleted nodules contain clinopyroxene enriched in LREE and depleted in HFSE. This enrichment is explained by reactive percolation of small melt fraction and accompanying melting of peridotites. Harzburgite-dunite veins seem to be located at the lower part of mantle column and have been formed by olivine-producing reaction with increasing of melt fraction. Lherzolite and websterite are located at the middle and upper part of column and have been formed by pyroxene-producing reaction with decreasing of melt fraction.論文Articl

シベリアの新生代火山活動

論文Articl

Novel synthesis of 3-aminopropionitriles by ring opening of 2-oxazolidinones with cyanide ion

金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系Nucleophilic attack of cyanide ion on the 5-position of 2-oxazolidinones in the presence of 18-crown-6 gave 3-aminopropionitriles. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Role of 1,4-dimethylpiperazine in radical cyclizations

金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系Radical cyclization of o-ethenyltrichloroacetanilides in boiling 1,4-dimethylpiperazine was examined with a comparison of the mode of radical cyclizations under a Bu3SnH-mediated condition. It was found that an attack of a hydrogen atom on the cyclized radical intermediates occurred more rapidly in 1,4-dimethylpiperazine than under the Bu3SnH-mediated condition. This phenomenon was also observed in similar reactions of N- ethenyltrichloroacetamide. ©ARKAT USA, Inc

Discovery of hidden correlations in a local transaction database based on differences of correlations

Abstract. Given a transaction database as a global set of transactions and its sub-database regarded as a local one, we consider a pair of itemsets whose degrees of correlations are higher in the local database than in the global one. If they show high correlation in the local database, they are detectable by some search methods of previous studies. On the other hand, there exist another kind of paired itemsets such that they are not regarded as characteristic and cannot be found by the methods of previous studies but that their degrees of correlations become drastically higher by the conditioning to the local database. We pay much attention to the latter kind of paired itemsets, as such pairs of itemsets can be an implicit and hidden evidence showing that something particular to the local database occurs even though they are not yet realized as characteristic ones. From this viewpoint, we measure paired itemsets by a difference of two correlations before and after the conditioning to the local database, and define a notion of DC pairs whose degrees of differences of correlations are high. As the measure is non-monotonic, we present an algorithm, searching for DC pairs, with some new pruning rules for cutting off hopeless itemsets. We show by an experimental result that potentially significant DC pairs can be actually found for a given database and the algorithm successfully detects such DC pairs

Synthesis of (-)-trachelanthamidine using a single electron transfer reaction in 1,4-dimethylpiperazine

金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系Synthesis of (-)-trachelanthamidine, one of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids, has been achieved by using a single electron transfer reaction of 2-(2-acetoxyethenyl)-N-(trichloroacetyl)pyrrolidine in boiling 1,4-dimethylpiperazine as the key step. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

8-Endo-selective aryl radical cyclization leading to 3-benzazocines

金沢大学医薬保健研究域薬学系Bu3SnH-mediated radical cyclization of N-acyl-3-(2-bromophenyl)-N-ethenypropylamines (14) occurred in an endo-selective manner to give the 3-benzazocine derivatives (15) in good yields. © 2009 The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry All rights reserved