Anisotropic uniaxial pressure response of the Mott insulator Ca2RuO4

We have investigated the in-plane uniaxial pressure effect on the antiferromagnetic Mott insulator Ca2RuO4 from resistivity and magnetization measurements. We succeeded in inducing the ferromagnetic metallic phase at lower critical pressure than by hydrostatic pressure, indicating that the flattening distortion of the RuO6 octahedra is more easily released under in-plane uniaxial pressure. We also found a striking in-plane anisotropy in the pressure responses of various magnetic phases: Although the magnetization increases monotonically with pressure diagonal to the orthorhombic principal axes, the magnetization exhibits peculiar dependence on pressure along the in-plane orthorhombic principal axes. This peculiar dependence can be explained by a qualitative difference between the uniaxial pressure effects along the orthorhombic a and b axes, as well as by the presence of twin domain structures.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SHEAR ELASTIC MODULUS AND PASSIVE FORCE IN POSTERIOR SHOULDER CAPSULES: A CADAVERIC STUDY

Although shear wave elastography (SWE) has been used to indirectly measure passive force in muscle tissues, it is unknown whether SWE can be utilized to evaluate passive force in capsule tissues. This study investigated the relationship between the shear elastic modulus and passive force in posterior shoulder capsules using SWE. Four middle and four inferior posterior shoulder capsules were dissected from four fresh-frozen cadavers. Passive force (0-400 g in 25-g increments) was applied to each capsule, and elasticity was measured simultaneously using SWE. The relationship between elasticity and passive capsule force was highly linear for all tested capsules (coefficients of determination range: 0.853-0.963). SWE is a valid and useful method of evaluating indirectly and noninvasively the passive force of the posterior shoulder capsules

ヒト長腓骨筋内のコンパートメントを同定する肉眼解剖学的研究

Many skeletal muscles have been found to be composed of smaller portions of a muscle innervated by a primary muscle nerve branch called neuromuscular compartments. The purpose of this study was to identify the anatomical evidence for neuromuscular compartments of the human peroneus longus muscle. Eight legs from human cadavers donated were dissected. The architectural characteristics of muscle fiber direction and tendinous tissue were examined. The primary nerve branching pattern throughout the peroneus longus was also observed. The peroneus longus was found to have four distinct partitions. The superficial portion and deep portion within the muscle were separated by an aponeurosis that is continuous with the distal tendon. Furthermore, each of these both portions was partitioned into two portions by muscle fiber orientation. In addition, these architectural compartments of the muscle were congruent with compartments identified by innervation pattern. The present findings suggest that intramuscular compartments of the peroneus longus are anatomically defined. In future, this muscle\u27s partitioning will not only lead to an anatomical foundation for the physiological study to elucidate the functional multiplicity of the peroneus longus, but also provide a scientific rationale for establishment of more specific protocols for rehabilitation of patients with the dysfunctional muscle and muscle atrophy.近年、多くの骨格筋が神経筋コンパートメントと呼ばれる要素から構成され、これらの筋区画は機能的な要求に応じて選択的に活動することが確認されつつある。本研究では、ヒト長腓骨筋の筋内コンパートメントを肉眼解剖学的に同定することを目的とした。筋標本は解剖実習用固定屍体の下腿8肢を使用し、筋線維走行、腱組織の位置関係および筋内の神経分岐様式を観察した。その結果、長腓骨筋は独立した神経枝の支配を受ける４つの区画を有することが認められた。筋内の浅部および深部区画は、停止腱から続く腱膜によって分離される。さらに、これらの両区画の各々が筋線維の走行により前部と後部区画に区分される。今回試みた解剖学的な筋のコンパートメント化は、長腓骨筋内に存在する機能的分化を示唆する。また、筋機能不全や筋萎縮を呈する患者に対して、この筋内コンパートメントを指標として画像検査や筋電図学的評価を行うことは、効率の良い最適な理学療法プログラムの構築に寄与すると考えられる

重度大動脈弁狭窄症患者の大動脈弁置換術後における血小板機能および高分子量 von Willebrand 因子多量体の急速な回復

AIM: Patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) may have bleeding episodes due to the loss of high-molecular-weight (HMW) von Willebrand factor multimers (VWFMs). The absence of HMW-VWFMs and bleeding tendency are usually corrected after aortic valve replacement (AVR). To investigate the process of VWFM recovery and symptoms in patients with severe AS, we analyzed changes in VWF antigen (VWF:Ag), ADAMTS13 activity (ADAMTS13:AC), and platelet thrombus formation under high shear stress conditions. METHODS: Nine patients with severe AS undergoing AVR were analyzed. RESULTS: Evident deficiency of HMW-VWFMs was observed in six patients before surgery, which was rapidly restored within 8 days after AVR. Median levels of VWF:Ag before surgery, on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 8, 15, and 22, and one year after AVR were 78.1%, 130%, 224%, 155%, 134%, and 142%, respectively. In contrast, ADAMTS13:AC was 50.5%, 35.5%, 25.5%, 25.1%, 30.3%, and 84.6%, respectively. Preoperative thrombus formation but not surface coverage was significantly lower than that on POD 22, which was considered as normal level in each patient. Compared with preoperative levels, thrombus volume was significantly lower on POD 1, but rapidly increased by POD 8. CONCLUSION: Bleeding tendency and loss of HMW-VWFMs observed in patients with severe AS before surgery was rapidly corrected after AVR. Instead, patients were in a VWF-predominant state between POD 8 and 22.博士（医学）・乙第1395号・平成29年3月15日Copyright © 2016 Japan Atherosclerosis Society本論文の著作権は日本動脈硬化学会が保持しています。This article is distributed under the terms of the latest version of CC BY-NC-SA defined by the Creative Commons Attribution License

心臓血管外科領域におけるゼラチンシートの止血効果、癒着防止効果の検討

BACKGROUND:The bi1ayer gelatin sealing sheet was developed as a safe, effective, easy-to-handle and low-cost hemostatic agent. OBJECTIVE:To examine the feasibility of gelatin sealing sheets using a canine aterial hemorrhage mode1. METHODS:In vivo degradation of gelatin sealing sheets was examined by implanting subcutaneously in rats. For the hemostatic and anti-adhesion efficacy investigations, femoral arteries of dogs were pricked with syringe needle to make as mall hole, and a gelatin(i.e. experimental group) or fibrin glue sealing sheet (i.e. control group) was applied on the hole to stop bleeding (n=8). After discontinuation of the bleeding, the skin incisions were closed and re-examined 4 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS:From the degradation study, 4h thermally treated gelatin sheet which degraded within 3 weeks in vivo was chosen for the further hemostatic study. In all cases of gelatin and fibrin glue sealing sheets, bleeding from the needle hole on canine femoral arteries was effectively stopped. Postoperative adhesions and inflammation at the site in the experimental group were significantly less than those in the control group (P<0.01 for adhesion scores). CONCLUSIONS:The gelatin sealing sheet was found to be as effective as the fibrin glue sealing sheet as a surgical hemostatic agent, and more effective in preventing postoperative adhesions.博士（医学）・甲第632号・平成27年3月16日Copyright ©2015 IOS Pres

Effectiveness of Cross‐Linked Gelatin Glue in Canine Lung Surgery Models.

Background. Air leakage is a common postoperative complication in pulmonary surgery, and surgical sealants have been developed to prevent or reduce the incidence of air leaks. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of cross-linked gelatin glue (gelatin plus glutaraldehyde) in canine lung surgery models. Methods. Pulmonary fistulas and injuries were created in dogs and sealed with gelatin glue, fibrin glue, or fibrin glue with a polyglycolic acid (PGA) sheet. Seal-breaking pressures were measured in the fistula model, and pleural adhesions were assessed 28 days postoperatively in the lung injury model. Results. The seal-breaking pressures for canine cadaver and living lung surgeries (; the maximum pressures were 80 and 40 cm H₂O) were respectively: gelatin glue, 77 ± 6 and 32.3 ± 8.9cm H₂O; fibrin glue using spray, 39.2 ± 9.3 and 32 ± 6cm H₂O; fibrin glue using the rub-and-soak method, 35 ± 13.4 and 40 ± 0 cm H₂O; and fibrin glue with a PGA sheet, 55.5 ± 18.2 and 39 ± 2cm H₂O. In the lung injury model, there were no chest wall adhesions in the gelatin and fibrin glue alone groups, while strong adhesions were observed when treated with fibrin glue with a PGA sheet. Conclusions. Gelatin glue's sealing effect was superior to that of fibrin glue while preventing postoperative pleural adhesions. These findings suggest that gelatin glue may be effective as a surgical sealant or anti-adhesion materialin lung surgery