Gender roles and child nutrition in livestock production systems in developing countries: a critical review

The study of gender issues in agricultural production has become an important subject of inquiry, even since questions were raised on whether women and men benefited equally from economic development. The focus of the debate and empirical research has primarily been on the role of women in crop production to the virtual exclusion of the role of gender (women, men and children) in livestock farming. This review is based on the limited amount of available literature which shows that specific participation of women, men and children in animal husbandry is significant and varies from region to region according to the traditional gender division of labour, other variables, the farming systems and the demographic and environmental factors. The objectives of this review are to examine the gender division of labour, access to resources and benefits from smallholder ruminant livestock production systems; to evaluate the effects of ruminant livestock production on the nutritional status of children and to present two case studies that critically examine how gender analysis was included in smallholder ruminant livestock research projects

Hubungan Pengetahuan Tentang Kanker Payudara Dengan Cara Periksa Payudara Sendiri Pada Mahasiswi Semester IV Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi

: Knowledge of women about the risks and benefits of early detection of breast cancer positively affect their health beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors so that health care professionals can develop effective breast health programs. InIndonesian,foundmorethan80% of casesareat an advanced stage, so thattreatment effortsachieve a curedifficult. One of theearly detectionof breastcancerisbreast self-examinationbehavior(BSE). The purpose of the study was to determine the correlation between the knowledge about breast cancer with breast self-examination method. This research uses an analytic descriptive study design cross sectional approach. The sampling technique is total sampling with a number for research subjects consisted of 64 female college student grade IV from Nursing program science. Measuring instrument used are questionnaires and statistical analysis used was chi square with the aid of the computer program SPSS. The results of the 64 respondents indicate that there were 37 people (57,8%) had a high knowledge about breast cancer and 27 people (42,2%) had low knowledge level, while there were 33 people (51,6%) had good BSE method, and 31 people (48,4%) had an favorable BSE method. The statistical result is p = 0,96 (α = 0,05). In conclusion there is no relationship between knowledge of breast cancer with breast self-examination method. Expected of the research to be developed in a way related to the effect of BSE method toward incidence of breast cancer

Efektifitas Teknik Relaksasi Nafas Dalam Dan Guided Imagery Terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Pada Pasien Post Operasi Sectio Caesare Di Irina D Blu Rsup Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

: Pain is an unpleasant symptom that felt by patients post sectio caesarea. Alternatives to reduce pain with deep breathing relaxation techniques and guided imagery not definitely known how its effectiveness. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectivity of deep breathing relaxation techniques and guided imagery to reduction pain in post surgery patients sectio caesarea. This research is an analytical research with quasi-experimental research methods. The research design was a single group pre-post test without control group. The sampling technique used is accidental sampling where found samples as many as 20 people. The data analysis using paired sample t-test in SPSS 17 programe at 95% significance level (α=0.05). The results showed that deep breathing relaxation techniques and guided imagery proved to be effective in reducing pain intensity in post surgery patients sectio caesarea in the Irina D Department of RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado (p value=0.000; α 0.05) which means that the hypothesis is accepted. Conclusion, deep breathing relaxation techniques and guided imagery can reduce pain intensity in post surgery patients sectio caesarea in the Irina D Department of RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Implementation of deep breathing relaxation techniques and guided imagery to reduce pain in post surgery patients sectio caesarea can be be done according to the SOP so not just focus on the pharmacological treatment only

Faktor-faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Diare Pada Anak Balita Di Puskesmas Bintauna Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Utara

; Based on global estimates around 1.8 million people died from diarrheal disease and 90% of them are children under five years and many occur in developing countries. Diarrhea is a collection of symptoms resulting from several factors, such factors as water supply, personal hygiene, and the knowledge factor, but how large proportions and do not clearly known. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with the incidence of diarrhea in Public health centers North Bolaang Mongondow Bintauna. The method used is descriptive analytical cross-sectional study design. In 50 samples with data collection conducted by questionnaire. Furthermore, the data that has been collected is processed and presented in the form of a frequency distribution table. Bivariate statistical analysis by chi-square test with a significance level of alfa 0.05. Results, there is a significant relationship between knowledge factors with the incidence of diarrhea ( p = 0.000 ) , water supply factors with the incidence of diarrhea (p= 0.001), and hygiene factors with the incidence of diarrhea (p=0.003). Conclusion: factor knowledge, provision of clean water and personal hygiene significantly associated with the incidence of diarrhea. Suggestion: Increase the frequency of health education to parents/ community, held training on diarrheal disease in the nurses and health volunteers

Hubungan Pengetahuan Wanita Dengan Pencegahan Dini Osteoporosis Di Poliklinik Rhematologi Blu Rsup Prof. Dr. R.d. Kandou Manado

Kurangnya kepadatan tulang (osteoporosis) cenderung terjadi pada wanita dewasa. Pemahaman tentang osteoporosis mutlak bagi semua orang termasuk wanita dewasa, namun seberapa besar pengetahuan dan hubungannya pencegahan dini osteoporosis belum jelas. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan wanita dengan pencegahan dini osteoporosis dini osteoporosis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan cros sectional design. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Poliklinik Rhematologi Badan Layanan Umum RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D.Kandou Manado pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2011. Pada 30 sampel. Instrumen kuesioner untuk pengetahuan wanita dan pencegahan dini osteoporosis. Analis menggunakan Chi-square dengan tingkat kemaknaan (α) ≤ 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan wanita dengan pencegahan dini osteoporosis (nilai X2 tabel 3,481 dan nilai X2 hitung 0,181. Jadi X2 hitung < X2 tabel di mana α adalah 0,05). Kesimpulan pengetahuan tentang osteoporosis terbukti tidak diikuti dengan perilaku pencegahan dini penyakit tersebut. Perlunya pelatihan yang aplikatif terjadwal dan berkesinambungan pada wanita yang datang berobat, dan penelitian lanjutan dengan sampel dan variabel yang berbeda.Kata kunci : Pengetahuan, Pencegahan dini osteoporosisLack of bone density (ostheoporosis) tend to occur in adult women. Understanding of osteoporosis is absolutely for everyone, including women, but how much knowledge and its relation to early osteoporosis prevention is unclear. So this study aims to determine the relationship of knowledge of early prevention of osteoporosis women with early osteoporosis. This study is a descriptive analytical study with cross sectional design. Research conducted at the Poliklinik Rhematologi Badan Layanan Umum RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D.Kandou Manado in July-August 2011. On 30 samples. Questionnaire instrument for women\u27s knowledge and early prevention of osteoporosis. Analysts using Chi-square with significance level (α) ≤ 0.05. The results showed no significant relationship exists between the knowledge of women with early prevention of osteoporosis (Table X2 value X2 calculated value of 3.481 and 0.181. So count X2 <X2 table where α is 0.05). Conclusion proven knowledge of osteoporosis was not followed by the behavior of early prevention of the disease. The need for training and continuous scheduled applicable to women who come for treatment, and further research with different samples and variables

Hubungan Kepribadian Tipe-d Dengan Koping Klien Akne Vulgaris Di Jurusan Keperawatan Politeknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Manado

; This study aims to identify the relationship of type-D personality with clients coping acne vulgaris. The research method using descriptive analytic cross sectional design, the 120 respondents polytechnic nursing students of Department of Health MoH Manado, period study from April to July 2014. The instrument used was a questionnaire-type-D personality and coping questionnaire. Univariad analysis using frequency distributions are presented in tables and bivariate analysis using Chi-Square. The results of Chi-square analysis with significance level of 95% at α 5% (α = 0.05), obtained by X ² = 13.308 with p (asypm.sig) = 0.000, <0.005, means that there is a significant association between type-D personality in coping clients of acne vulgaris. Conclusion: Type-D personality proved significantly associated with clients coping acne vulgaris, and individuals with a type-D personality tend to have maladaptive coping. Suggestion: the need for student research development of type-D personality and motivation in facing the problem of acne vulgaris

Identifikasi Rhodamin B Pada Sediaan Lipstik Yang Beredar Di Kota Manado Secara Kromatografi Lapis Tipis

Lipstik merupakan kosmetika yang banyak digunakan kaum wanita untuk mempercantik diri, dengan tampilan warna yang beraneka macam salah satunya adalah lipstik yang berwarna merah. Rhodamin B adalah pewarna sintetis yang dilarang dalam kosmetika temasuk lipstik namun seringkali disalah gunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pewarna Rhodamin B di dalam kosmetika sediaan lipstik yang beredar di kota Manado.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian laboratorium dengan pendekatan dekskriptif. Sampel penelitian adalah sediaan lipstik yang dijual di Kota Manado yang ditentukan secara purposive sampling.. Ekstraksi sampel menggunakan n-hexan dan pelarut campur (N.N dimetilformamida : asam ortofosfat 95:5) dan disaring. Identifikasi secara kromatografi lapis tipis menggunakan 5 larutan pengembang yaitu: sistem A, campuran etil asetat-metanol-{amonia 25%-air(3:7)} (15:3:3) yang dibuat baru. Sistem B, campuran etanol-air-isobutanol-amonia 25% (31:32:40:1). Sistem C, campuran isopropanol-amonia 25% (100:25). Sistem D, campuran n-butanol-etanol-air-asam asetat glasial (60:10:20:0,5), Sistem E, campuran etil asetat-n-butanol-amonia 25% (20:55:25). Bercak noda sampel dan baku pembanding Rhodamin B pada kromatogram diamati secara visual dan dibawah sinar UV pada panjang gelombang 254 nm selanjutnya dihitung harga Rf. Data hasil penelitian dianalisa secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil identifikasi pada kromatogram secara visual dan dilihat di bawah sinar UV254 serta harga Rf, sampel Lipstik 1 dan 3 mengandung Rhodamin B, sampel 2 tidak mengandung Rhodamin B. Disarankan perlu adanya penelitian lebih lanjut terhadap pewarna Rhodamin B pada lipstik yang berwarna merah ataupun sediaan lainnya dan perlu dilakukan sosialisasi terus menerus dan pengawasan secara ketat terhadap penggunaan bahan kimia yang dilarang penggunaannya dalam kosmetika oleh instansi terkait