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Influence of Tunnel Excavation on the Deformation of a Frame Building
Data Availability Statement: The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Copyright © 2023 by the authors. Tunnel excavation inevitably causes surface deformation. In urban areas, surface deformation could lead to the deformation of surrounding buildings, which may cause damage to communities when accumulated to a certain extent. However, the current construction organization and management mainly rely on on-site deformation measurements, and there is still a lack of reliable prediction methods. Here, we proposed an effective evaluation method for frame building deformation based on the stochastic medium theory and the equivalent beam theory. This method could effectively evaluate the surface and building deformation after a horseshoe tunnel excavation by considering the non-uniform convergence. Furthermore, its accuracy and practicability were verified using the Nanyan Fourth Circuit Transmission Reconstruction located in Dalian, China. The results show that the spatial distribution and characteristic values of the maximum tensile strains were closely related to the ratio of Young’s modulus to the shear modulus (E/G), the building height (h), the tunnel depth (H), the tangent of the tunnel influence angle (tan β) and the convergence radius (ΔR). These achievements can provide a theoretical basis and analytical ideas for investigating the influence of shallow buried tunnel excavation on frame structure buildings in cities.National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 41941018)
Statistical Origin of Constituent-Quark Scaling in the QGP hadronization
Nonextensive statistics in a Blast-Wave model (TBW) is implemented to
describe the identified hadron production in relativistic p+p and
nucleus-nucleus collisions. Incorporating the core and corona components within
the TBW formalism allows us to describe simultaneously some of the major
observations in hadronic observables at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider
(RHIC): the Number of Constituent Quark Scaling (NCQ), the large radial and
elliptic flow, the effect of gluon saturation and the suppression of hadron
production at high transverse momentum (pT) due to jet quenching. In this
formalism, the NCQ scaling at RHIC appears as a consequence of non-equilibrium
process. Our study also provides concise reference distributions with a least
chi2 fit of the available experimental data for future experiments and models.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures; added two tables, explained a little bit more on
TBW_p
A systematic TMRT observational study of Galactic C/C ratios from Formaldehyde
We present observations of the C-band (4.8 GHz) and Ku-band
(14.5 GHz) K-doublet lines of HCO and the C-band
(4.6 GHz) line of HCO toward a large sample of
Galactic molecular clouds, through the Shanghai Tianma 65-m radio telescope
(TMRT). Our sample with 112 sources includes strong HCO sources from the
TMRT molecular line survey at C-band and other known HCO sources. All three
lines are detected toward 38 objects (43 radial velocity components) yielding a
detection rate of 34\%. Complementary observations of their continuum emission
at both C- and Ku-bands were performed. Combining spectral line parameters and
continuum data, we calculate the column densities, the optical depths and the
isotope ratio HCO/HCO for each source. To evaluate photon
trapping caused by sometimes significant opacities in the main isotopologue's
rotational mm-wave lines connecting our measured K-doublets, and to obtain
C/C abundance ratios, we used the RADEX non-LTE model accounting
for radiative transfer effects. This implied the use of the new collision rates
from \citet{Wiesenfeld2013}. Also implementing distance values from
trigonometric parallax measurements for our sources, we obtain a linear fit of
C/C = (5.081.10)D + (11.866.60), with a
correlation coefficient of 0.58. D refers to Galactocentric distances.
Our C/C ratios agree very well with the ones deduced from CN and
CO but are lower than those previously reported on the basis of HCO,
tending to suggest that the bulk of the HCO in our sources was formed on
dust grain mantles and not in the gas phase.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures, 7 tables. Accepted for publication in The
Astrophysical Journa
A new model for the double well potential
A new model for the double well potential is presented in the paper. In the
new potential, the exchanging rate could be easily calculated by the
perturbation method in supersymmetric quantum mechanics. It gives good results
whether the barrier is high or sallow. The new model have many merits and may
be used in the double well problem.Comment: 3pages, 3figure
Immunization for complex network based on the effective degree of vertex
The basic idea of many effective immunization strategies is first to rank the
importance of vertices according to the degrees of vertices and then remove the
vertices from highest importance to lowest until the network becomes
disconnected. Here we define the effective degrees of vertex, i.e., the number
of its connections linking to un-immunized nodes in current network during the
immunization procedure, to rank the importance of vertex, and modify these
strategies by using the effective degrees of vertices. Simulations on both the
scale-free network models with various degree correlations and two real
networks have revealed that the immunization strategies based on the effective
degrees are often more effective than those based on the degrees in the initial
network.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure
The Importance of Monomeric Anthocyanins in the Definition of Wine Colour Properties
Monomeric anthocyanins are the main contributor of colour in young red wines. To study the importance of monomeric anthocyanins to the wine colour, 41 wines of Vitis vinifera L. Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Gernischt and Merlot were examined. Seven monomeric anthocyanins were isolated and applied as standards in HPLC analysis. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were performed to relate and validate the correlations between the monomeric anthocyanins and CIELab colour parameters. Malvidin-3-O-glucoside (Mv3g) was the most abundant anthocyanin in all tested wines, but not the anthocyanin that showed the highest correlation with the colour parameters evaluated. L*, b* and h were shown to be correlated significantly with mainly the anthocyanins for Cabernet Sauvignon, L* with the anthocyanins for Cabernet Gernischt and h with the anthocyanins for Merlot. MLR and PLSR both successfully predicted the colour from the anthocyanin composition of the wine. Delphinidin-3-glucoside (Dp3g), malvidin-3-O-acetylglucoside (Mv3ac) and Dp3g were the most important monomeric anthocyanins contributing to the prediction of the wine colour of Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Gernischt and Merlot respectively. Different grape varieties had profound influences on the correlation of wine colour with anthocyanin composition
Transport spectroscopy in a time-modulated open quantum dot
We have investigated the time-modulated coherent quantum transport phenomena
in a ballistic open quantum dot. The conductance and the electron dwell
time in the dots are calculated by a time-dependent mode-matching method. Under
high-frequency modulation, the traversing electrons are found to exhibit three
types of resonant scatterings. They are intersideband scatterings: into
quasibound states in the dots, into true bound states in the dots, and into
quasibound states just beneath the subband threshold in the leads. Dip
structures or fano structures in are their signatures. Our results show
structures due to 2 intersideband processes. At the above
scattering resonances, we have estimated, according to our dwell time
calculation, the number of round-trip scatterings that the traversing electrons
undertake between the two dot openings.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Career-based influences on scientific recognition in the United States and Europe: Longitudinal evidence from curriculum vitae data
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