Investigation of new integration and interconnect techniques for three dimensional microwave and millimeter wave integrated circuits

Brief review of the existing millimeter-wave circuit building block technology Substrate-Mounted non-radiative dielectric (NRD) -Guide new millimeter-wave circuit building block -- Theoretical analysis and experimental verification of substrate-mounted non-radiative dielectric (NRD) -guide -- Mathematical formulations for fields expressions -- Leakage suppression features of the porposed structure -- Single mode conditions -- Low-loss propagation properties -- Effect of finite width of the ground plane -- Co-Layered integration and interconnect techniques -- Co-layered integration and interconnect schemes -- Preliminary experiments and measured results -- Modeling and properties of hybrid integration structures based on surface-mounted non-radiative dielecric (NRD) waveguide -- Modeling of transition of NRD-guide to microstrip -- Modeling of transition of surface-mounted NRD0guide located on a separate layer -- Modeling of transition of surface-mounted NRD-guide to microstrip located on thin dielectric substrate -- Suppression of spurious modes for the desing of hybrid microstrip planr/Nrd guide integrated circuits -- Mechanisme of spurious mode suppression and modeling -- Spurious mode-suppressing techniques for the integrated microstrio to surfacemounted NRD guide transition -- Compact design of mode supressing structures -- Experimental evaluation of the proposed technique -- Design and applications of surface-mounted CPW 3NRD-GUIDE integrated circuits -- CPW fed antenna scheme and the preliminary analysis results -- Spurious mode suppressing technique for the integrated CPW to NRD-guide transition -- Broadband planar interconnect techniques for co-layer multi-chip module (MCM) of microwave and millimetr-wave circuits -- Overview of the conventional ribbon bonding techniques -- The proposed scheme of effective ribbon interconnects

Current fluctuations reduction strategy based on optimal three‐space‐vector pulse‐width modulation for service‐life improvement of DC‐link electrolytic capacitors in three‐phase voltage‐source inverter system

Abstract The authors propose a current fluctuation reduction strategy based on optimal three‐space‐vector pulse‐width modulation (TSVPWM), which is used to improve the service‐life of the dc‐link electrolytic capacitors in two‐level three‐phase voltage‐source inverter (VSI) system. Differing from the typical SVPWM‐based method that employs two adjacent active voltage vectors and zero voltage vectors to synthesise the reference voltage, the proposed strategy selects the required voltage vectors based on the minimum dc‐link electrolytic capacitor current fluctuation. With the proposed strategy, an objective function for the root‐mean‐square value of dc‐link electrolytic capacitor current is first constructed under the constraint of eight permissible voltage vectors. And then, by solving the minimum of the objective function through the piecewise linear programming, the optimal three voltage vectors under the different modulation ratios and load power factors are obtained accordingly, so as to achieve the minimum dc‐link electrolytic capacitor current fluctuations during each switching period. Meanwhile, a PWM implementation scheme based on positive–negative double carrier signals is presented, which not only simplifies the implementation process but also effectively reduces the switching losses of power devices. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can minimise the dc‐link electrolytic capacitor current fluctuation under different working conditions

SGMA: a novel adversarial attack approach with improved transferability

Abstract Deep learning models are easily deceived by adversarial examples, and transferable attacks are crucial because of the inaccessibility of model information. Existing SOTA attack approaches tend to destroy important features of objects to generate adversarial examples. This paper proposes the split grid mask attack (SGMA), which reduces the intensity of model-specific features by split grid mask transformation, effectively highlighting the important features of the input image. Perturbing these important features can guide the development of adversarial examples in a more transferable direction. Specifically, we introduce the split grid mask transformation into the input image. Due to the vulnerability of model-specific features to image transformations, the intensity of model-specific features decreases after aggregation while the intensities of important features remain. The generated adversarial examples guided by destroying important features have excellent transferability. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed SGMA. Compared to the SOTA attack approaches, our method improves the black-box attack success rates by an average of 6.4% and 8.2% against the normally trained models and the defense ones respectively

Hypoxic targeting and activating TH-302 loaded transcatheter arterial embolization microsphere

The tumor-derived and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) induced hypoxia microenvironment is closely related to the poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-302 loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based TACE microspheres were prepared to treat HCC through localized and sustained drug delivery. TH-302 microspheres with three different sizes were fabricated by an oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectra (IR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and drug release profiles. The in vitro antitumor potential was firstly evaluated in an HepG2 cell model under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Then, a VX-2 tumor-bearing rabbit model was established and performed TACE to investigate the in vivo drug tissue distribution and antitumor efficiency of TH-302 microspheres. Blood routine examination and histopathological examinations were also conducted to evaluate the safety of TH-302 microspheres. TH-302 microspheres with particle size 75–100 μm, 100–200 μm, and 200–300 μm were prepared and characterized by sphere morphology and sustained drug release up to 360 h. Compared with TH-302, the microspheres exhibited higher cytotoxicity, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle S phase retardation in HepG2 cells under hypoxic conditions. The microspheres also displayed continuous drug release in the liver tissue and better anti-tumor efficiency compared with TH-302 injection and lipiodol. Meanwhile, no serious toxicity appeared in the duration of treatment. Therefore, TH-302 microspheres showed to be feasible and effective for TACE and hold promise in the clinical for HCC chemoembolization therapy