The Munemitsu Legacy: The Japanese American Family Behind \u3cem\u3eMendez v. Westminster\u3c/em\u3e: California’s First Successful Desegregation Case

Many Orange County, California schoolchildren know the name \u27Mendez.\u27 After all, the iconic name is front and center of the landmark civil rights case that desegregated several of the county’s public schools in 1947, preceding the 1954 Brown v. Board case on a national level. The Mendez family, one of five Latino families which challenged several school districts in the county on their practice of Mexican-only schools, had their name immortalized in history. But the Mendezes would not have been able to lead the legal charge if it was not for another family of color, the Munemitsus, the Japanese American farming family behind the story of the Mendez v. Westminster

Shared Service in the Archives: The Johns Hopkins University First-generation Students Oral History Project

Archivists, like librarians, often provide service to users that is defined by the mission and the institutional context of their employer. University archivists are tasked with documenting the history of their institution, and in doing so, have historically focused much of their attention on the records of institutional offices. This practice leaves out the stories of students and other communities affected by the institution. As immersed as university archivists are in academic libraries and the infrastructure of the academy, activist archivists can still challenge the status quo through intentional collecting of what is neither de facto, nor traditional. As archivists at the Johns Hopkins University (JHU) in Baltimore, Maryland, we recognized the lack of student representation in our university archives and set out to fill these gaps in our collection.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/librarian_books/1005/thumbnail.jp

Multi-View Watch-Together Viewport

A system and method for simultaneously supporting watch-together experiences and content management on mobile devices is disclosed. Accordingly two multi-video viewports having independent playback/navigation controls and inverted audio controls are used. This system implements three key viewing experiences, one for watch-together viewing, and two others for independent viewing. The system avoids overlapping audio from simultaneously playing videos and to simultaneously control the playback in both the watch-together and the independent consumption viewports. This is achieved by inverted audio playback control in which one of the two video viewports is muted and the other is not. When the user taps on the muted viewport, the muting of windows is reversed. A user interface element provided for queue control enables moving the video viewport into a miniaturized watch-together viewport, and a special share icon to mark a video for watch-together. The system disclosed creates a unique social video consumption experience

Toward Culturally Competent Archival (Re)Description of Marginalized Histories

Influenced by the radical archives movement, panelists discuss their (re)processing projects for which they wrote or rewrote descriptions in culturally competent approaches. Their case studies include materials regarding underrepresented peoples and historically oppressed groups who are marginalized from or maligned in the archival record. Targeted to processors, this session aims to teach participants to apply their cultural competencies in writing finding aids through an introduction to cultural competency framework, the case study examples, and a short audience-participation exercise

A Peptide of SPARC Interferes with the Interaction between Caspase8 and Bcl2 to Resensitize Chemoresistant Tumors and Enhance Their Regression In Vivo

SPARC, a matricellular protein with tumor suppressor properties in certain human cancers, was initially identified in a genome-wide analysis of differentially expressed genes in chemotherapy resistance. Its exciting new role as a potential chemosensitizer arises from its ability to augment the apoptotic cascade, although the exact mechanisms are unclear. This study further examines the mechanism by which SPARC may be promoting apoptosis and identifies a smaller peptide analogue with greater chemosensitizing and tumor-regressing properties than the native protein. We examined the possibility that the apoptosis-enhancing activity of SPARC could reside within one of its three biological domains (N-terminus (NT), the follistatin-like (FS), or extracellular (EC) domains), and identified the N-terminus as the region with its chemosensitizing properties. These results were not only confirmed by studies utilizing stable cell lines overexpressing the different domains of SPARC, but as well, with a synthetic 51-aa peptide spanning the NT-domain. It revealed that the NT-domain induced a significantly greater reduction in cell viability than SPARC, and that it enhanced the apoptotic cascade via its activation of caspase 8. Moreover, in chemotherapy resistant human colon, breast and pancreatic cancer cells, its chemosensitizing properties also depended on its ability to dissociate Bcl2 from caspase 8. These observations translated to clinically significant findings in that, in-vivo, mouse tumor xenografts overexpressing the NT-domain of SPARC had significantly greater sensitivity to chemotherapy and tumor regression, even when compared to the highly-sensitive SPARC-overexpressing tumors. Our results identified an interplay between the NT-domain, Bcl2 and caspase 8 that helps augment apoptosis and as a consequence, a tumor's response to therapy. This NT-domain of SPARC and its 51-aa peptide are highly efficacious in modulating and enhancing apoptosis, thereby conferring greater chemosensitivity to resistant tumors. Our findings provide additional insight into mechanisms involved in chemotherapy resistance and a potential novel therapeutic that specifically targets this devastating phenomenon

Neutron studies of a high spin Fe19_{19} molecular nanodisc

The molecular cluster system [Fe$_{19}$(metheidi)$_{10}$(OH)$_{14}$O$_{6}$(H$_{2}$O)$_{12}$]NO$_{3}$·24H$_{2}$O, abbreviated as Fe$_{19}$, contains nineteen Fe(III) ions arranged in a disc-like structure with the total spin S = 35/2. For the first order, it behaves magnetically as a single molecule magnet with a 16 K anisotropy barrier. The high spin value enhances weak intermolecular interactions for both dipolar and superexchange mechanisms and an eventual transition to antiferromagnetic order occurs at 1.2 K. We used neutron diffraction to determine both the mode of ordering and the easy spin axis. The observed ordering was not consistent with a purely dipolar driven order, indicating a significant contribution from intermolecular superexchange. The easy axis is close to the molecular Fe1–Fe10 axis. Inelastic neutron scattering was used to follow the magnetic order parameter and to measure the magnetic excitations. Direct transitions to at least three excited states were found in the 2 to 3 meV region. Measurements below 0.2 meV revealed two low energy excited states, which were assigned to S = 39/2 and S = 31/2 spin states with respective excitation gaps of 1.5 and 3 K. Exchange interactions operating over distances of order 10 Å were determined to be on the order of 5 mK and were eight-times stronger than the dipolar coupling

Subcomponent self-assembly of circular helical Dy6_{6}(L)6_{6} and bipyramid Dy12_{12}(L)8_{8} architectures directed via second-order template effects

In situ metal-templated (hydrazone) condensation also called subcomponent self-assembly of 4,6-dihydrazino-pyrimidine, o-vanillin and dysprosium ions resulted in the formation of discrete hexa- or dodecanuclear metallosupramolecular Dy$_{6}$(L)$_{6}$ or Dy$_{12}$(L)$_{8}$ aggregates resulting from second-order template effects of the base and the lanthanide counterions used in these processes. XRD analysis revealed unique circular helical or tetragonal bipyramid architectures in which the bis(hydrazone) ligand L adopts different conformations and shows remarkable differences in its mode of metal coordination. While a molecule of trimethylamine acts as a secondary template that fills the void of the Dy$_{6}$(L)$_{6}$ assembly, sodium ions take on this role for the formation of heterobimetallic Dy$_{12}$(L)$_{8}$ by occupying vacant coordination sites, thus demonstrating that these processes can be steered in different directions upon subtle changes of reaction conditions. Furthermore, Dy$_{6}$(L)$_{6}$ shows an interesting spin-relaxation energy barrier of 435 K, which is amongst the largest values within multinuclear lanthanide single-molecular magnets