A histochemical reporter system to study extracellular ATP response in plants

When cells experience acute mechanical distress, they release ATP from their cellular compartment into the surrounding microenvironment. This extracellular ATP (eATP) can then act as a danger signal—signaling cellular damage. In plants, cells adjacent to damage detect rising eATP concentrations through the cell-surface receptor kinase, P2K1. Following eATP perception, P2K1 initiates a signaling cascade mobilizing plant defense. Recent transcriptome analysis revealed a profile of eATP-induced genes sharing pathogen- and wound-response hallmarks—consistent with a working model for eATP as a defense-mobilizing danger signal. To build on the transcriptional footprint and broaden our understanding of dynamic eATP signaling responses in plants, we aimed to i) generate a visual toolkit for eATP-inducible marker genes using a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter system and ii) evaluate the spatiotemporal response of these genes to eATP in plant tissues. Here, we demonstrate that the promoter activities of five genes, ATPR1, ATPR2, TAT3, WRKY46, and CNGC19, were highly sensitive to eATP in the primary root meristem and elongation zones with maximal responses at 2 h after treatment. These results suggest the primary root tip as a hub to study eATP-signaling activity and provide a proof-of-concept toward using these reporters to further dissect eATP and damage signaling in plants

High resolution simultaneous measurements of airborne radionuclides

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科場所：金沢大学自然科学研究科図書館棟1階，講演会場：図書館棟1階　大会議室，ポスター会場：図書館棟1階12会議室,主催・共催：文部科学省２１世紀COE「環日本海域の環境計測と長期・短期変動予測」， 大気環境学会， 金沢大学工学

High resolution simultaneous measurements of airborne radionuclides

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科場所：東京大学弥生講堂，共催：文部科学省２１世紀COE「環日本海域の環境計測と長期・短期変動予測」，大気環境学

Characterization of Martian Convective Vortices Using InSight's Seismic and Meteorological Data

From Nov. 2018 to Dec. 2022, NASA's InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy, and Heat Transport) was operated on Mars to conduct seismic and meteorological observations. InSight¿s long quasicontinuous and high-temporal sampling observations have significantly improved our understandings of the inner structure, seismicity, and meteorological phenomena of the red planet (e.g., [1]-[8]). Prominent among these are convective vortices or dust devils

StPIP1, a PAMP-induced peptide in potato, elicits plant defenses and is associated with disease symptom severity in a compatible interaction with potato virus Y

The role of small secreted peptides in plant defense responses to viruses has been seldom investigated. Here, we report a role for potato (Solanum tuberosum) PIP1, a gene predicted to encode a member of the PAMP-induced peptide (PIP) family, in the response of potato to potato virus Y infection (PVY). We show that exogenous application of synthetic StPIP1 to potato leaves and nodes increased the production of reactive oxygen species and the expression of plant defense-related genes, showing that StPIP1 triggers early defense responses. In support of this hypothesis, transgenic potato plants that constitutively overexpress StPIP1 had higher levels of leaf callose deposition, and based on measurements of viral RNA titers, were less susceptible to infection by a compatible PVY strain. Interestingly, systemic infection of StPIP1-overexpressing lines with PVY resulted in clear rugose mosaic symptoms that were absent or very mild in infected non-transgenic plants. A transcriptomics analysis revealed that marker genes associated with both pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity were induced in infected StPIP1-overexpressors but not in non-transgenic plants. Together, our results reveal a role for StPIP1 in eliciting plant defense responses and in regulating plant anti-viral immunity

Present Status in the Development of 6 MeV Heavy Ion Beam Probe on LHD

In order to measure the potential in Large Helical Device (LHD), we have been developing a heavy ion beam probe (HIBP). For probing beam, gold beam is used, which is accelerated by a tandem accelerator up to the energy of 6 MeV. The experiments for calibration of beam orbit were done, and experimental results were compared with orbit calculations. The experimental results coincided fairly with the calculation results. After the calibration of the beam orbit, the potential in plasma was tried to measure with the HIBP. The experimental data showed positive potential in a neutral beam heating phase on the condition of ne ? 5 × 10^18 m^-3, and the increase of potential was observed when the additional electron cyclotron heating was applied to this plasma. The time constant for this increase was about a few tens ms, which was larger than a theoretical expectation. In the spatial position of sample volume, we might have an ambiguity in this experiment

5-ALA/SFCのPGC-1α活性化を通じた炎症反応の軽減によるマウス急性移植片対宿主病モデル肝障害に対する改善効果

東京都立大