3次元再構成を用いた非骨性距踵骨癒合症の形態学的分析

Background: Resection of talocalcaneal coalitions has generally involved osseous coalitions. We attempted to evaluate the morphology of nonosseous talocalcaneal coalitions. This study aimed to investigate if the calcaneal articular surface area of feet with talocalcaneal coalitions is different than that of normal feet. Methods: Twenty nonosseous talocalcaneal coalition cases with analyzable computed tomography (CT) scans were compared to 20 control cases. Three-dimensional models of the talus and calcaneus were constructed, and the surface areas of the posterior facet (SPF), whole talocalcaneal joint of the calcaneus (SWJ), and coalition site (SCS) of each 3D-CT model were measured. "Calibrated" values of the 2 groups were created to adjust for relative size of the tali and then compared. The preoperative and postoperative AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot scale was calculated for 9 cases that had undergone single coalition resection. Results: The calibrated SPF and SWJ were significantly greater in the coalition group than in the control group (40% and 12%, respectively). No significant difference was detected between the calibrated (SWJ - SCS) value of the coalition group and the calibrated SWJ value of the control group. The AOFAS scale was improved postoperatively in all 9 cases analyzed. Conclusion: The calcaneal articular surface of nonosseous talocalcaneal coalition feet in our series was larger than that of the normal feet. This study indicates that the total calcaneal articular surface after coalition resection may be comparable to the calcaneal articular surface of normal feet. We suggest that the indication for coalition resection be reconsidered for nonosseous coalition. Level of evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.博士（医学）・甲第815号・令和4年3月15日© The Author(s) 2021. Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/ open-access-at-sage)

Systematic clustering algorithm for chromatin accessibility data and its application to hematopoietic cells

The huge amount of data acquired by high-throughput sequencing requires data reduction for effective analysis. Here we give a clustering algorithm for genome-wide open chromatin data using a new data reduction method. This method regards the genome as a string of $1$s and $0$s based on a set of peaks and calculates the Hamming distances between the strings. This algorithm with the systematically optimized set of peaks enables us to quantitatively evaluate differences between samples of hematopoietic cells and classify cell types, potentially leading to a better understanding of leukemia pathogenesis.Comment: 24 pages, 17 figure

Rapid detection of hypoxia-inducible factor-1-active tumours: pretargeted imaging with a protein degrading in a mechanism similar to hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha

PURPOSE: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays an important role in malignant tumour progression. For the imaging of HIF-1-active tumours, we previously developed a protein, POS, which is effectively delivered to and selectively stabilized in HIF-1-active cells, and a radioiodinated biotin derivative, (3-(123)I-iodobenzoyl)norbiotinamide ((123)I-IBB), which can bind to the streptavidin moiety of POS. In this study, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of the pretargeting method using POS and (123)I-IBB for rapid imaging of HIF-1-active tumours. METHODS: Tumour-implanted mice were pretargeted with POS. After 24 h, (125)I-IBB was administered and subsequently, the biodistribution of radioactivity was investigated at several time points. In vivo planar imaging, comparison between (125)I-IBB accumulation and HIF-1 transcriptional activity, and autoradiography were performed at 6 h after the administration of (125)I-IBB. The same sections that were used in autoradiographic analysis were subjected to HIF-1alpha immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: (125)I-IBB accumulation was observed in tumours of mice pretargeted with POS (1.6%ID/g at 6 h). This result is comparable to the data derived from (125)I-IBB-conjugated POS-treated mice (1.4%ID/g at 24 h). In vivo planar imaging provided clear tumour images. The tumoral accumulation of (125)I-IBB significantly correlated with HIF-1-dependent luciferase bioluminescence (R=0.84, p<0.01). The intratumoral distribution of (125)I-IBB was heterogeneous and was significantly correlated with HIF-1alpha-positive regions (R=0.58, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: POS pretargeting with (123)I-IBB is a useful technique in the rapid imaging and detection of HIF-1-active regions in tumours

A novel GTPase, CRAG, mediates promyelocytic leukemia protein–associated nuclear body formation and degradation of expanded polyglutamine protein

Polyglutamine diseases are inherited neurodegenerative diseases caused by the expanded polyglutamine proteins (polyQs). We have identified a novel guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) named CRAG that contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence and forms nuclear inclusions in response to stress. After ultraviolet irradiation, CRAG interacted with and induced an enlarged ring-like structure of promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) body in a GTPase-dependent manner. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by polyQ accumulation triggered the association of CRAG with polyQ and the nuclear translocation of the CRAG–polyQ complex. Furthermore, CRAG promoted the degradation of polyQ at PML/CRAG bodies through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. CRAG knockdown by small interfering RNA in neuronal cells consistently blocked the nuclear translocation of polyQ and enhanced polyQ-mediated cell death. We propose that CRAG is a modulator of PML function and dynamics in ROS signaling and is protectively involved in the pathogenesis of polyglutamine diseases

エイヨウキョウイク シドウギホウ ノ シュウトク ノ カイゼン

栄養士養成課程では栄養教諭養成課程を併設しているところが多い.その栄養教諭養成課程では学校教育法に基づく「情報機器の操作」を必修科目としている.これは,情報機器を活用して専門科目である栄養教育や栄養指導などの授業を行う教授法の知識や教育技術を修得するためである.また,一般的な教職系演習ではその学習形態がグループ学習によって,学習者間の相互的,協調的な学習方法として行われていることが多い.しかし,グループ学習の弊害は学習者の担当する作業内容やモチベーションによっては,本来必要とする教育・指導技術が身に付かないまま,教育実習や臨地・校外実習(給食の運営等)へ行くことが危惧される.学習者の活動が受動的にならないような環境を整備し,教育・指導技術を修得する際には,自らの不得意な部分を自覚できる方法を検討した1).本研究では,学習者が自ら教育法や指導法を身に付けられるよう実践した取り組みおよびその経過を報告する

エイヨウキョウユ エイヨウシ ヨウセイ ニ オケル ジョウホウキキ ノ ソウサ カリキュラム ノ ケントウ ト ジッセン

栄養教諭制度の発足に伴い栄養教諭養成課程では,平成16 年より「情報機器の操作」が必修科目となった(教育職員免許法施行規則第66 条の6).その目的は従来,栄養職員(栄養士業務)として行ってきた給食計画や調理指導,栄養指導の指導力向上のみならず,栄養教諭を目指す学習者に授業計画や教材・媒体作りなどの教諭としての指導力を身につけることまでを想定している.そのため,他の専門科目や情報関連科目との連携を考慮したうえで,情報技術を活用した技術習得の実践が必要である.この実践で期待できることは学生間の協調的な学習活動によって,短期間であっても栄養指導の技術修得の成果がみられることである