Penerapan Metode Data Mining Market Basket Analysis terhadap Data Penjualan Produk pada Toko Oase Menggunakan Algoritma Apriori

Proses kegiatan penjualan pada supermarket berjalan terus dan begitu juga data yang dihasilkan semakin lama maka akan semakin bertambah. Data-data penjualan yang semakin lama maka akan semakin besar tidak akan berguna dan bermanfaat jika dibiarkan begitu saja. Supaya data tersebut data berguna maka maka perlu di olah dengan suatu algoritma tertentu. Algoritma apriori merupakan bagian dari data mining yaitu kegiatan pengumpulan data dan pemakaian data yang lama untuk menemukan keteraturan, pola atau hubungan dalam suatu data. Keluaran dari algoritma ini adalah bisa membantu dalam memperbaikin pengambilan keputusan dimasa yang akan datang.Salah satu manfaat dari pengambilan keputusan ini adalah penyusunan katalog produk pada supermarket seperti produk yang paling banyak terjual diletakkan ditempat yang mudah dicari dan begitu juga dengan produk yang sering diterjual secara bersamaan maka produk tersebut perlu diletakkan pada tempat. Hasil dari proses data mining yaitu pola pembelian produk yang sering dibeli bersamaan. Pola ini dapat digunakan untuk menempatkan produk yang sering dibeli bersamaan kedalam sebuah area yang saling berdekatan, merancang tampilan produk di katalog. Penerapan Algoritma Apriori pada teknik Data Mining sangat efisien dan dapat mempercepat proses pembentukan kecenderungan pola kombinasi itemset hasil penjualan Produk-produk barang di Toko OASE, yaitu dengan support dan confidence tertinggi adalah Rokok, kopi Snack,mie goreng ,NabatiKata kunci—Katalog, produk data, penjualan

Altered phosphate metabolism in HIV-1-infected patients: another feature of metabolic syndrome?

Purpose of the study Metabolic syndrome represent a cluster of cardiovascu- lar risk factors that has become a serious problem for HIV-1-infected patients. It was proposed that distur- bances in phosphate metabolism may represent a key feature of metabolic syndrome. Because phosphate is involved directly in carbohydrate metabolism, hypopho- sphatemia can results in impaired utilization of glucose, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Thus, we undertook the present study to investigate the relation- ship between phosphate levels and the presence of the characteristics of metabolic syndrome, as well as the mechanism that may be responsible for reduced phos- phate levels in patients with this syndrome. Methods 130 HIV-1-infected patients were consecutively enrolled in a prospective, cross-sectional, single centre study. All patients were receiving HAART for more than six months. We selected two groups: HIV+ patients with metabolic syndrome (group A, n=86) and HIV+ patients without metabolic syndrome (group B, n=44). The diag- nosis of metabolic syndrome was based on Adult Treat- ment Panel III guidelines. Demographic characteristics, metabolic variables, duration of Tenofovir therapy, dura- tion of HAART, CD4 and viral load were collected. Kid- ney tubular function was examined using tubular resorption of phosphate and normalized renal threshold phosphate concentration. Summary of results Patients with metabolic syndrome showed significantly lower phosphate (3.13 mg/dl vs 3.55 mg/dl, p<0.01) and higher insulin (13.2 mg/dl vs 6.9 mg/dl, p<0.01) levels compared with controls. There was a linear significant decrease in phosphate values as the number of compo- nents of metabolic syndrome increased (p<0.001). Multi- ple regression analysis including all 5 components of metabolic syndrome and months of TDF treatment showed that insulin level was the most discriminant of serum phosphate (r= -0.22, p<0.01). Figure 1 Conclusions Our preliminary data demonstrated that HIV-1-infected patients with metabolic syndrome showed significantly lower phosphate levels compared with HIV-1-infected patients without metabolic syndrome regardless of teno- fovir based therapy. The clinical significance of these disturbances, as well as their importance as target for preventive or therapeutic interventions, remains to be established

Kidney tubular function and serum phosphate levels in HIV-1-infected patients treated with tenofovir: preliminary results

Purpose of the study There is concern that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the use of highly active antiretro- viral therapy lead to cumulative toxicity. Tenofovir (TDF) is the first choice for most subjects. Even if it has a safe metabolic profile, much attention has been fixed on kidney tubular function and regulation of phosphate metabolism. We performed this study to evaluate the role of a TDF based regimen has on renal tubular over time. Methods Prospective, cross-sectional, single centre study was car- ried out. 121 HIV-1-infected patients were consecutively enrolled in six groups based on duration of TDF exposi- tion: G0, from 6 to 12 months; G1 from 13 to 24 months; G2 from 25 to 36 months; G3 from 37 to 48 months; G4 more than 48 months and G5 under HAART but never exposed to TDF. Glomerular func- tion was assessed using creatinine clearance (CrCL) cal- culated by MDRD. Tubular function was assessed using fractional excretion ratio of phosphate and normalized renal threshold phosphate concentration. Demographic, CD4, serum phosphate levels, viral load were collected. Summary of results A total of 121 consecutive HIV-1-infected patients were analyzed: 15 in G0, 11 in G1, 14 in G2, 32 in G3, 35 in G4 and 14 in G5. Mean of TDF exposure was 10.26, 21.4, 36.2, 47.3 and 67.4 months in G0, G1, G2, G3 and G4 respectively. There was no statistically significant dif- ference of mean values of FEP(11.2, 10.3, 8.4, 9.8, 11.1 and 10% in G0, G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5 respectively), TmPO4/GFR (3.5, 3.5, 3.6, 3.6, 3.4 and 3.4 mg/dl in G0, G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5 respectively ), CrCL (102.2, 94.3, 92.9, 106.5, 103.1 and 101.6 ml/min/1.73m2 in G0, G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5 respectively) and serum phos- phate levels (3.4, 3.3, 3.1, 3.5, 3.3 and 3.4 in G0, G1, G2, G3, G4 and G5 respectively) between groups. Moreover, we did not find correlation of FEP (r:0.04, p:0.6) and TmPO4/GFR (r:0.05, p:0.5) with duration of TDF therapy. Conclusions Treatment with TDF is not associated with altered kid- ney tubular function and serum phosphate levels over time

Modeling climate change impact on chickpea production and adaptation options in the semi-arid North-Eastern Ethiopia

Climate change is projected to alter the growing conditions of chickpea in many areas and there would be substantial reduction in grain yield of the crop due to drought. We used CROPGRO-Chickpea model to evaluate climate change impacts and adaptation options at two different locations. The simulation result at Sirinka indicated that chickpea grain yield could increase by12% and 13% during the 2030s and 2050s time periods without the direct effect of CO2 fertilization. Similarly, grain yield of chickpea at Chefa site could increase only by 5% and 7% during the respective time periods. However, with considering the direct effect of CO2 fertilization, grain yield of chickpea at Sirinka could increase as much as 20% and 34% in the 2030s and 2050s, respectively whereas the increase at Chefa site could only be 12% and 22% for the respective time periods as compared to the baseline yield. Adaptation options evaluated were supplemental irrigation and cultivars of different maturity groups. The result at Sirinka showed that the short duration cultivar could increase grain yield by 11%, 10% and 10% during the baseline, the 2030s and 2050s, respectively whereas that of the long duration cultivar could decrease by 7%, 9% and 10% as compared to the standard (control) cultivar. On the other hand, the short duration cultivar at Chefa site could decrease grain yield by 9%, 3% and 3% for the respective time periods. Supplemental irrigation at Sirinka site could increase grain yield of chickpea by 47%, 47% and 46% during the baseline, the 2030s and 2050s time periods, respectively whereas the increase at Chefa could only be 17%,16% and 18% as compared to rainfed yield. Application supplemental irrigation and the use of cultivars of different maturity groups could be considered as important adaptation options to increase chickpea grain yield under climate change condition

Older Veteran Digital Disparities: Examining the Potential for Solutions Within Social Networks

BACKGROUND: Older adults typically have less access to the Internet than other age groups, and older Veterans may use the Internet even less due to economic and geographic reasons. OBJECTIVE: To explore solutions to this problem, our study examined older Veterans\u27 reported ability to access technology through their close social ties. METHODS: Data were collected via mail survey from a sample of Veterans aged 65 years and older (N=266). RESULTS: Nearly half (44.0%, 117/266) of the sample reported having no Internet access. Yet, among those without current access, older Veterans reported having a median of 5 (IQR 7) close social ties with home Internet access. These older Veterans also reported that they would feel comfortable asking a median of 2 (IQR 4) social ties for help to access the Internet, and that a median of 2 (IQR 4) social ties would directly access the Internet for the older Veteran to help with health management. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that even older Veterans without current Internet access have at least two social ties with home Internet who could be called upon for technology support. Thus, older Veterans may be willing to call upon these surrogate seekers for technology assistance and support in health management. This has implications for the digital divide, technology design, and health care policy

Management options for rainfed chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) in northeast Ethiopia under climate change condition

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the important cool season food legumes in the semi-arid north-eastern Ethiopia. Climate change is projected to alter the growing conditions of chickpea in this region and there would be substantial reduction in grain yield of the crop due to drought. The overall objectives of the study were to identify crop management and genetic options that could increase rain-fed chickpea productivity. For this, a simulation study has been conducted using CROPGRO-model in two sites (Sirinka and Chefa) found in the semi-arid north-eastern Ethiopia. Change in planting date and cultivars having different maturity have been tested for their effectiveness to increase chickpea productivity. According to the prediction result, short duration cultivar is found to increase grain yield at Sirinka by about 11%, 10% and 11% in the baseline, 2030 s and 2050 s, respectively whereas long duration cultivar is found to decrease grain yield by about 6%, 9% and 11% as compared to the standard cultivar (control). On the other hand, short duration cultivar is found to decrease grain yield at Chefa by about 9%, 4% and 5% whereas long duration cultivar is found to increase grain yield by about 1%, 2% and 4% across the respective time periods. Early sowing (SSD − 20 days) is found to significantly increase grain yield of short duration cultivar at Sirinka by about 48%, 48% and 54% and that of long duration cultivar by 31%, 33% and 39% in the baseline, 2030 s and 2050 s, respectively. Early sowing (SSD − 20 days) is also found to increase grain yield of short duration cultivar at Chefa by about 26%, 27% and −1% and that of long duration cultivar by 37%, 32% and −2% across the respective time periods. However, the highest increase in chickpea grain yield can be achieved through combined application of early sowing and suitable cultivars. On the other hand, delayed sowing is found to significantly decrease chickpea grain yield in the semi-arid environments of north-eastern Ethiopia

Identifying best crop management practices for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L .) in Northeastern Ethiopia under climate change condition

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the important cool season food legumes in the semi-arid northeastern Ethiopia; however, its productivity is adversely affected by a number of abiotic and biotic factors. The objectives of this study were to assess impacts of projected climate change on grain yield of chickpea by 2030 s (2020–2049) and 2050 s (2040–2069) and to identify crop management options that increase productivity of the crop. The CROPGRO-chickpea model in DSSAT (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer) was used to assess impacts of projected climate change on chickpea and to identify adaptation options. The crop model was first calibrated and evaluated in the study area for simulating growth, yield and water balance of the soil. The result of the model calibration and evaluation showed that there were close agreement between the simulated and observed values that showed the performance of the model to simulate growth, phenology and yield of chickpea under semi-arid northeastern Ethiopian condition. The calibrated model was used to assess impacts of projected climate changes on chickpea and identify crop management options. The impact of projected climate change was assessed for 2030 s and 2050 s time periods under all the RCPs with and without CO2 fertilization. To identify crop management options, different varieties of chickpea, supplemental irrigation and change in planting dates have been evaluated. The result of climate change impact analysis on chickpea showed that grain yield is predicted to significantly increase both by 2030 s and 2050 s under CO2 fertilization condition across all the RCPs as compared to baseline grain yield (1961–1990). However, simulation without CO2 showed that grain yield will not significantly increase by 2030 s and 2050 s across all the scenarios. Based on the prediction result it can be generalized that chickpea will be benefited from the projected climate changes in northeastern Ethiopia. According to the simulation result application of two supplemental irrigation (flower initiation and pod setting stages) and early sowing significantly (P < 0.05) increase grain yield of chickpea in northeastern Ethiopia under the present and future climate conditions. Selection of appropriate cultivars based on the agroecology of the area has paramount important to increase chickpea productivity under the present and future climate condition

Quantum noise and mixedness of a pumped dissipative non-linear oscillator

Evolutions of quantum noise, characterized by quadrature squeezing parameter and Fano factor, and of mixedness, quantified by quantum von Neumann and linear entropies, of a pumped dissipative non-linear oscillator are studied. The model can describe a signal mode interacting with a thermal reservoir in a parametrically pumped cavity with a Kerr non-linearity. It is discussed that the initial pure states, including coherent states, Fock states, and finite superpositions of coherent states evolve into the same steady mixed state as verified by the quantum relative entropy and the Bures metric. It is shown analytically and verified numerically that the steady state can be well approximated by a nonclassical Gaussian state exhibiting quadrature squeezing and sub-Poissonian statistics for the cold thermal reservoir. A rapid increase is found in the mixedness, especially for the initial Fock states and superpositions of coherent states, during a very short time interval, and then for longer evolution times a decrease in the mixedness to the same, for all the initial states, and relatively low value of the nonclassical Gaussian state.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figure

Patient Centeredness in Electronic Communication: Evaluation of Patient-to-Health Care Team Secure Messaging

BACKGROUND: As information and communication technology is becoming more widely implemented across health care organizations, patient-provider email or asynchronous electronic secure messaging has the potential to support patient-centered communication. Within the medical home model of the Veterans Health Administration (VA), secure messaging is envisioned as a means to enhance access and strengthen the relationships between veterans and their health care team members. However, despite previous studies that have examined the content of electronic messages exchanged between patients and health care providers, less research has focused on the socioemotional aspects of the communication enacted through those messages. OBJECTIVE: Recognizing the potential of secure messaging to facilitate the goals of patient-centered care, the objectives of this analysis were to not only understand why patients and health care team members exchange secure messages but also to examine the socioemotional tone engendered in these messages. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional coding evaluation of a corpus of secure messages exchanged between patients and health care team members over 6 months at 8 VA facilities. We identified patients whose medical records showed secure messaging threads containing at least 2 messages and compiled a random sample of these threads. Drawing on previous literature regarding the analysis of asynchronous, patient-provider electronic communication, we developed a coding scheme comprising a series of a priori patient and health care team member codes. Three team members tested the scheme on a subset of the messages and then independently coded the sample of messaging threads. RESULTS: Of the 711 messages coded from the 384 messaging threads, 52.5% (373/711) were sent by patients and 47.5% (338/711) by health care team members. Patient and health care team member messages included logistical content (82.6%, 308/373 vs 89.1%, 301/338), were neutral in tone (70.2%, 262/373 vs 82.0%, 277/338), and respectful in nature (25.7%, 96/373 vs 33.4%, 113/338). Secure messages from health care team members sometimes appeared hurried (25.4%, 86/338) but also displayed friendliness or warmth (18.9%, 64/338) and reassurance or encouragement (18.6%, 63/338). Most patient messages involved either providing or seeking information; however, the majority of health care team member messages involved information provision in response to patient questions. CONCLUSIONS: This evaluation is an important step toward understanding the content and socioemotional tone that is part of the secure messaging exchanges between patients and health care team members. Our findings were encouraging; however, there are opportunities for improvement. As health care organizations seek to supplement traditional encounters with virtual care, they must reexamine their use of secure messaging, including the patient centeredness of the communication, and the potential for more proactive use by health care team members