Genotype by Environment Interaction and Stability of Pod Yield of Elite Breeding Lines of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Eastern Ethiopia

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield under small scale farming of eastern Ethiopia is low (1.04 t ha-1) and highly variable over years and locations. Eleven elite breeding lines of groundnut were tested at Babile and Likale, eastern Ethiopia, in 2007, 2008 and 2009 to identify high yielding and stable genotypes. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, cultivar-superiority measure, and genotype plus genotype by environment variation (GGE) were used to analyze multi-environment data. In the analysis of variance, all sources of variations showed statistically significant differences except year by genotype interaction indicating the possibilities for identification of best performing genotypes with specific and broad adaptability in the tested sites. AMMI analysis showed highly significant (P<0.01) effect of genotypes, environments and their interactions on dry pod yield. Similarly, the first and the second interaction principal component axis (IPCA 1 and IPCA 2) were highly significant (P<0.01) and explained 58.57 and 23.18 % of the G×E sum of squares, respectively. The environment had 84.7% effect, thereby explained high differences in genotype response to the tested environments. Genotype and genotype by environment interaction (GEI) accounted 6.6 and 8.7 %, respectively. Genotypes BaHa-jidu (-0.099), ICG-9251 (0.013), ICG-8644 (0.055) and Roba (0.057) with the lowest IPCA 1 showed the general adaptation in the mega-environment-1 (Ba2007, Ba2008 and Ba2009) and mega-environment-2 (Li2007, Li2008 and Li2009). BaHa-gudo had the highest mean dry pod yield (t ha-1) in a mega-environment-2 and highest PCA 1 score (0.343). Genotypes BaHa-jidu and BaHa-gudo had the smallest superiority measure values and had the highest dry pod yield and stability. In GGE bi-plot, PC 1 and PC 2 explained 51.2 and 30.6% of genotype by environment interaction, respectively. ICGV-8749 and BaHa-gudo were vertex genotypes at mega-environment-1 and mega-environment-2, respectively, whereas BaHa-jidu was vertex genotype in both mega-environments.Keywords: AMMI; GGE bi-plot; Groundnut; Mega-environment; Stability; Environment; Eastern Ethiopi

Stationary two-atom entanglement induced by nonclassical two-photon correlations

A system of two two-level atoms interacting with a squeezed vacuum field can exhibit stationary entanglement associated with nonclassical two-photon correlations characteristic of the squeezed vacuum field. The amount of entanglement present in the system is quantified by the well known measure of entanglement called concurrence. We find analytical formulas describing the concurrence for two identical and nonidentical atoms and show that it is possible to obtain a large degree of steady-state entanglement in the system. Necessary conditions for the entanglement are nonclassical two-photon correlations and nonzero collective decay. It is shown that nonidentical atoms are a better source of stationary entanglement than identical atoms. We discuss the optimal physical conditions for creating entanglement in the system, in particular, it is shown that there is an optimal and rather small value of the mean photon number required for creating entanglement.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figure

Pemberian Teh Kombucha Pada Air Minum Terhadap Nilai Ldl Kolesterol Dan Hdl Kolesterol Darah Ayam Broiler (Gallus SP)

The risk of consuming large quantities of food containing cholesterol has been widely known. By knowing the cholesterol content of food products, people could restrict their consumption of high cholesterol food. This study was to knew LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol of blood broiler chickens after treated with kombucha tea. This research used the CP 707 broiler strains chickens aged 1 week, treated with kombucha tea that has been fermented for 12 days at a temperature of 25oC. 20 broiler chickens devided into 4 treatment groups ( treated for 4 weeks), each group contain 5 replications. That group was : P0 as control group, drinking water without kombucha tea, P1 group with drinking water added with 10% kombucha tea, P2 group with drinking water added with 20% kombucha tea, P3 group with drinking water added with 40% kombucha tea. Variables measured were LDL cholesterol of blood chicken levels, HDL cholesterol of blood chicken levels and chicken drink consumption. Data were analyzed with Anova. The results showed that additional of kombucha tea in drinking water able to lower LDL cholesterol of blood chicken levels and able to increase HDL cholesterol of blood chicken levels significantly of broiler chickens

Clinical features, histopathology and differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a chameleon disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the growth of non-necrotizing and non-caseating granulomas and manifesting with clinical pictures that vary on the basis of the organs that are mainly affected. Lungs and intrathoracic lymph nodes are the sites that are most often involved, but virtually no organ is spared from this disease. Histopathology is distinctive but not pathognomonic, since the findings can be found also in other granulomatous disorders. The knowledge of these findings is important because it could be helpful to differentiate sarcoidosis from the other granulomatous-related diseases. This review aims at illustrating the main clinical and histopathological findings that could help clinicians in their routine clinical practice

Kadar Hemoglobin Dan Jumlah Eritrosit Puyuh (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica Linn.) Setelah Pemberian Larutan Kombinasi Mikromineral (Cu, Fe, Zn, Co) Dan Vitamin (a, B1, B12, C) Dalam Air Minum

Puyuh (Coturnix-coturnix japonica Linn.) merupakan salah satu komoditi unggas yang semakin populer di masyarakat karena produk yang dihasilkan cukup banyak seperti daging dan telur. Proses reproduksi puyuh yang cepat (±41 hari) membuat hewan ini banyak dijadikan hewan percobaan penelitian dalam rangka peningkatan produktivitas burung puyuh itu sendiri. Peningkatan produktivitas puyuh juga harus memperhatikan aspek-aspek dalam pemilihan bibit, pengaturan pakan, tempat pemeliharaan, sanitasi, dan kesehatan juga penambahan vitamin dan mikromineral tertentu. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi pemberian kombinasi mikromineral (Cu, Fe, Zn, Co) dan vitamin (A, B1, B12, C) dalam air minum pada kadar hemoglobin dan jumlah eritrosit. Perlakuan dilakukan selama 4 minggu Penelitian ini merupakan percobaan non-faktorial dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan apabila terdapat perbedaan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan pada taraf signifikan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan tidak nyata pada kadar hemoglobin, konsumsi pakan, konsumsi minum, dan bobot tubuh, namun memiliki perbedaan nyata pada jumlah eritrosit. Jumlah eritrosit yang paling signifikan terdapat pada perlakuan dua kali dosis, dimana pada perlakuan ini jumlah eritrosit yang diperoleh adalah 3.355.000. Pemberian kombinasi larutan vitamin dan mikromineral tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar hemoglobin dan bobot tubuh, tetapi berpotensi meningkatkan jumlah eritrosit pada puyuh. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang diperoleh, maka pemberian larutan mikromineral dan vitamin memiliki potensi sebagai suplemen tambahan untuk memperbaiki manajemen air minum

Exploring Cortical Attentional System by Using fMRI during a Continuous Perfomance Test

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed in eight healthy subjects to identify the localization, magnitude, and volume extent of activation in brain regions that are involved in blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response during the performance of Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT). An extensive brain network was activated during the task including frontal, temporal, and occipital cortical areas and left cerebellum. The more activated cluster in terms of volume extent and magnitude was located in the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Analyzing the dynamic trend of the activation in the identified areas during the entire duration of the sustained attention test, we found a progressive decreasing of BOLD response probably due to a habituation effect without any deterioration of the performances. The observed brain network is consistent with existing models of visual object processing and attentional control and may serve as a basis for fMRI studies in clinical populations with neuropsychological deficits in Conners' CPT performance