A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Wulansuhai Formation of Inner Mongolia, China

We describe a new dromaeosaurid theropod from the Upper Cretaceous Wulansuhai Formation of Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia. The new taxon, Linheraptor exquisitus gen. et sp. nov., is based on an exceptionally well-preserved, nearly complete skeleton. This specimen represents the fifth dromaeosaurid taxon recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta Formation and its laterally equivalent strata, which include the Wulansuhai Formation, and adds to the known diversity of Late Cretaceous dromaeosaurids. Linheraptor exquisitus closely resembles the recently reported Tsaagan mangas. Uniquely among dromaeosaurids, the two taxa share a large, anteriorly located maxillary fenestra and a contact between the jugal and the squamosal that excludes the postorbital from the infratemporal fenestra. These features suggest a sister-taxon relationship between L. exquisitus and T. mangas, which indicates the presence of a unique dromaeosaurid lineage in the Late Cretaceous of Asia. A number of cranial and dental features seen in L. exquisitus and T. mangas, and particularly some postcranial features of L. exquisitus, suggest that these two taxa are probably intermediate in systematic position between known basal and derived dromaeosaurids. The discovery of Linheraptor exquisitus is thus important for understanding the evolution of some salient features seen in the derived dromaeosaurids

The determination of integral closures and geometric applications

We express explicitly the integral closures of some ring extensions; this is done for all Bring-Jerrard extensions of any degree as well as for all general extensions of degree < 6; so far such an explicit expression is known only for degree < 4 extensions. As a geometric application we present explicitly the structure sheaf of every Bring-Jerrard covering space in terms of coefficients of the equation defining the covering; in particular, we show that a degree-3 morphism f : Y --> X is quasi-etale if and only if the first Chern class of the sheaf f_*(O_Y) is trivial (details in Theorem 5.3). We also try to get a geometric Galoisness criterion for an arbitrary degree-n finite morphism; this is successfully done when n = 3 and less satifactorily done when n = 5.Comment: Advances in Mathematics, to appear (no changes, just add this info

Kinetics analysis of solidification process of 1035 steel at different cooling rates

It is of great theoretical significance to study the solidification kinetics of metal materials for improving the microstructure and properties. In this paper, the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure the enthalpy change of solidification process of 1035 steel at different cooling rates. The activation energy of the solidification process was determined by the equal conversion method based on the data of enthalpy. The mechanism function of the solidification process was also determined. It is shown that the value of the activation energy of solidification process varied with the solidification fraction, and the mechanism functions of solidification process are different in different temperature ranges, which are –ln(1– α) for 1 504-1 502 °C –ln(1–α)1/2 for 1 500-1 942 °C and –ln(1– α)2/5 for_1 490 °C respectively

Kinetics analysis of solidification process of 1035 steel at different cooling rates

It is of great theoretical significance to study the solidification kinetics of metal materials for improving the microstructure and properties. In this paper, the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure the enthalpy change of solidification process of 1035 steel at different cooling rates. The activation energy of the solidification process was determined by the equal conversion method based on the data of enthalpy. The mechanism function of the solidification process was also determined. It is shown that the value of the activation energy of solidification process varied with the solidification fraction, and the mechanism functions of solidification process are different in different temperature ranges, which are –ln(1– α) for 1 504-1 502 °C –ln(1–α)1/2 for 1 500-1 942 °C and –ln(1– α)2/5 for_1 490 °C respectively

The hyperon mean free paths in the relativistic mean field

The $\Lambda$- and $\Xi^-$-hyperon mean free paths in nuclei are firstly calculated in the relativistic mean field (RMF) theory. The real parts of the optical potential are derived from the RMF approach, while the imaginary parts are obtained from those of nucleons with the relations: $U^{\mathrm{IY}}_{\mathrm{S}} = \alpha_{\sigma \mathrm{Y}}\cdot U_{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{IN}}$ and $U^{\mathrm{IY}}_{\mathrm{V}} = \alpha_{\omega \mathrm{Y}}\cdot U_{\mathrm{V}}^{\mathrm{IN}}$ . With the assumption, the depth of the imaginary potential for $\Xi^-$ is $W_{\Xi}\simeq-$ 3.5 MeV, and for $\Lambda$ is $W_{\Lambda}\simeq-$ 7 MeV at low incident energy. We find that, the hyperon mean free path decreases with the increase of the hyperon incident energies, from 200 MeV to 800 MeV; and in the interior of the nuclei, the mean free path is about $2\sim 3$ fm for $\Lambda$, and about $4\sim 8$ fm for $\Xi^-$, depending on the hyperon incident energy.Comment: 5 figures, 6 page

Consumption strategies and motivations of Chinese consumers: The case of UK sustainable luxury fashion

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore Chinese consumers’ motivations to purchase luxury fashion products in the UK and how far sustainability plays a role in the decision-making process, by extending the consumer typology of translators, exceptors, selectors. The authors further add an additional dimension to defining “luxury”. Design/methodology/approach: An exploratory design utilising multiple qualitative research tools (semi-structured interviews, focus groups) provides the basis for this research. A grounded analysis was applied. Findings: Findings map motivational drivers to purchasing luxury products and establish a fourth consumer type “indulgers”. Well-being further emerged as a key characteristic that defines “luxury”. Research limitations/implications: The sample size is limited to Chinese consumers purchasing luxury fashion in the UK, and thus may not be generalised. Practical implications: This research helps managers to understand the consumer types and underlying motivations of Chinese consumers purchasing luxury fashion in the UK. As one of the largest target groups, this research informs managers on how to further capitalise on this market. Originality/value: This paper creates a new consumer typology that not only categorises consumers according to their consumption aspects, but further identifies their underlying motivations to do so

Effects of ac-field amplitude on the dielectric susceptibility of relaxors

The thermally activated flips of the local spontaneous polarization in relaxors were simulated to investigate the effects of the applied-ac-field amplitude on the dielectric susceptibility. It was observed that the susceptibility increases with increasing the amplitude at low temperatures. At high temperatures, the susceptibility experiences a plateau and then drops. The maximum in the temperature dependence of susceptibility shifts to lower temperatures when the amplitude increases. A similarity was found between the effects of the amplitude and frequency on the susceptibility.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, Phys. Rev. B (in July 1st