Makedonya’da Bulgar komite faaliyetleri ve Boris Sarafof

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Fransız İhtilaliyle birlikte tarih sahnesindeki yerini alan milliyetçi hareketler tüm dünyadaki siyasi dengeyi değiştirmiştir. Sınırlarında farklı etnik alt grupları barındıran imparatorluklar bu durumdan en çok etkilenen devletler olmuşlardır. Dönemin en büyük devletlerinden biri olan Osmanlı İmparatorluğu da milliyetçilik nedeniyle ayaklanan çeşitli milletlerle karşı karşıya gelmiştir. Balkan Yarımadası?nda yayılan ulus devlet düşüncesi bölgede olduğu gibi Osmanlı İmparatorluğu?nda da büyük bir kargaşaya neden olmuştur. Sırpların ve Yunanların yaşadığı bölgelerin Osmanlı'dan ayrılmasından sonra, Bulgarlar da ayrılmak istemişlerdir. Ancak, Bulgarların "Büyük Bulgaristan" hayalinin önemli bir parçası olan Makedonya'daki ısrarı ?Doğu Sorununun? bir parçası olarak ?Makedonya Meselesine? yol açmıştır. Bulgarlar 1885'te Şark Rumeli Vilayeti?nin ilhakından sonra Makedonya ile ilgilenmeye başlamıştır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için komitelerden yararlanılmıştır. Bulgarlar tarafından kurulan bu komiteler Osmanlı İmparatorluğu?nun aczini kanıtlamayı amaçlamışlardır. Bundan sonra Avrupalı Devletlerin olaya müdahale etmesi ve Makedonya?nın işgale hazır hale gelmesi planlanmıştır. Bu çalışma Makedonya?daki Bulgar komite faaliyetlerini, özellikle de Yüksek Makedonya Komitesi ve bu komitenin lideri olan Boris Sarafof'un etkinliklerini incelemektedir. Makedonya Meselesinin ve Bulgarların ?Büyük Bulgaristan? kurma sürecinde yürüttükleri aktiviteler Boris Sarafof'un hayatı, Yüksek Makedonya Komitesi?ndeki etkinlikleri ve Avrupa seyahatleri incelenerek aydınlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Makedonya Meselesi, Bulgaristan, Komiteler, Boris SarafofThe nationalist movements which took their place in the historical stage with the French Revolution changed all the political equilibrium all over the World. The empires in which there were several ethnic sub-groups in their boundaries were the most affected states. Ottoman Empire, one of the biggest states of the time had also came upon the nations which were revolted because of the nationalism. The nation state idea which had been spread among the Balkan Peninsula lead to great chaos in the territory as well as in the Ottoman Empire. After the territories where Serbian and Greek had been living separated from the Ottoman, Bulgarian wanted to segregate too. However, the insistence of the Bulgarian on Macedonia, which was an important part of the ?Great Bulgarian? dream, resulted in ?Macedonia Question? as a part of ?Western Question?. Bulgarian started to concern Macedonia after the Eastern Rumelia Province was annexed in 1885. The committees were used in order to fulfil that goal. The committees which were founded by Bulgarian aimed to justify the failure of Ottoman Empire. Then, it was planned that European States were to European States were to impound the situation and Macedonia would be ready to be occupied. This study examines Bulgarian Committees in Macedonia, especially Higher Macedonian Committee and the activities of the leader of this specific committee Boris Sarafof. Via examining the life of Boris Sarafof, his activities for Higher Macedonian Committee and his visits to the Europe; it is aimed to enlighten the Macedonian Question and the activities conducted by Bulgarian with in the ?Great Bulgarian? state building process. Keywords: Macedonian Question, Bulgaria, Committees, Boris Sarafo

Weakly Supervised Gaussian Networks for Action Detection

Detecting temporal extents of human actions in videos is a challenging computer vision problem that requires detailed manual supervision including frame-level labels. This expensive annotation process limits deploying action detectors to a limited number of categories. We propose a novel method, called WSGN, that learns to detect actions from \emph{weak supervision}, using only video-level labels. WSGN learns to exploit both video-specific and dataset-wide statistics to predict relevance of each frame to an action category. This strategy leads to significant gains in action detection for two standard benchmarks THUMOS14 and Charades. Our method obtains excellent results compared to state-of-the-art methods that uses similar features and loss functions on THUMOS14 dataset. Similarly, our weakly supervised method is only 0.3% mAP behind a state-of-the-art supervised method on challenging Charades dataset for action localization.Comment: Accepted in WACV 202

Woman with Sickle Cell Disease with Current Sigmoid Sinus Thrombosis and History of Inadequate Warfarin Use during a Past Thrombotic Event

We report a 20-year-old woman with sickle cell disease (SCD) who presented with a severe pulsating headache, nausea, and vomiting. Her history was significant for a past thrombotic event during which she had not used anticoagulation therapy as prescribed. Her mental status was mildly confused. On funduscopic examination, papilledema and retinal hemorrhages were found. Results of a computed tomogram were normal. A lumbar puncture demonstrated increased intracranial pressure (60 cm H2O). Magnetic resonance venography demonstrated a right sigmoid sinus thrombosis. Although SCD has been reported as a cause of thrombotic dural venous sinus events, this case increases the knowledge about neurological complications of SCD. The patient was treated with low molecular weight heparin, blood transfusions, acetazolamide, and methylprednisolone, and her symptoms and signs resolved

Chapter The pressures and the ecological quality status of the Marmara Sea (Turkey) by using marine macroalgae and angiosperms

In the present study, the Marine Floristic Ecological Index (MARFEI) was tested to assess the impacts by using marine benthic macrophytes and pressures by using the Macroalgae-Land Uses Simplified Index (MA-LUSI) in the Marmara Sea (Turkey). Sampling of benthic macrophytes was made from 0-5 m depth at 29 different sites during the summer periods of 2017, 2018 and 2019. The study revealed good ecological status class (ESC) for 6 sites, moderate for 11 sites, poor for 8 sites and bad for 4 sites. MARFEIeqr showed a negative linear relationship with the pressure index MA-LUSI

DİJİTAL FOTOGRAMETRİ YÖNTEMİ İLE ZEMİN KAYMA YÜZEYLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Temeller, üst yapı yüklerini zemine aktaran yapı elemanlarıdır. Yapısal bütünlüklerini korurlarken üzerinde bulundukları zeminleri de aşırı gerilmelere zorlamamalıdırlar. Aşırı gerilmeler zeminde kayma yenilmesine veya aşırı oturmalara neden olabilir. Bu nedenle temel tasarımları hem geoteknik ve hem de yapısal gereksinimleri ekonomik olarak karşılamak zorundadır. Geoteknik gereksinimler, temellerin üzerine oturtulacağı zemin veya kayanın izin verilebilir taşıma gücüne ve oturma kriterlerine yöneliktir.Taşıma gücünü arttırmak ve oturmaları izin verilen değerlerde tutmak için zemin içerisine yerleştirilen çeşitli donatılar (geotekstil, geogrid vb.) kullanılmaya başlanmış olup, günümüzde kullanımları hızla artış göstermektedir. Geogridler, yüksek çekme dayanımı, elastisite modülü ve sıyrılma direncine sahip, üzerinde düzgün olarak dağılmış elips, dikdörtgen ya da kare boşluklar bulunan ve özellikle zemin güçlendirmesinde kullanılan bir geosentetik türüdür.Model temellerle yükleme deneylerinde sınır taşıma gücüne ulaşıldığı anda kırılma yüzeyleri çıplak gözle görülememekte, kırılma yüzeylerini görmek için deneye bir süre daha devam ederek temelin oturmasının artması gerekmektedir. Bu durumda çıplak gözle belirlenen kırılma yüzeyleri gerçekte kırılma anına karşılık gelen yüzeyler olmadığından ölçülen kırılma geometrisi de gerçek durumu yansıtmamaktadır.Bu çalışmada kırılma yüzeylerinin fotogrametri tekniği ile yüklemenin başlangıcından sonuna kadar sürekli olarak izlenebilmesidir. Bu amaçla, geogrid donatılı ve donatısız kum üzerine oturan sürekli temellerde taşıma gücünü etkileyen değişik faktörlere göre belirlenen deneyler yapılmış ve fotogrametrik olarak izlenmiştir.  Deneylerde çekilen fotoğraflar dijital fotogrametri tekniğiyle değerlendirilerek kayma yüzeyleri sayısallaştırılarak koordinatları belirlenmiştir. Bu teknik ile donatılı ve donatısız zeminlerde oluşan kayma yüzeyleri daha doğru bir şekilde belirlenmiştir

Improving Sparse Representation-Based Classification Using Local Principal Component Analysis

Sparse representation-based classification (SRC), proposed by Wright et al., seeks the sparsest decomposition of a test sample over the dictionary of training samples, with classification to the most-contributing class. Because it assumes test samples can be written as linear combinations of their same-class training samples, the success of SRC depends on the size and representativeness of the training set. Our proposed classification algorithm enlarges the training set by using local principal component analysis to approximate the basis vectors of the tangent hyperplane of the class manifold at each training sample. The dictionary in SRC is replaced by a local dictionary that adapts to the test sample and includes training samples and their corresponding tangent basis vectors. We use a synthetic data set and three face databases to demonstrate that this method can achieve higher classification accuracy than SRC in cases of sparse sampling, nonlinear class manifolds, and stringent dimension reduction.Comment: Published in "Computational Intelligence for Pattern Recognition," editors Shyi-Ming Chen and Witold Pedrycz. The original publication is available at http://www.springerlink.co

Multi-Label Image Classification via Knowledge Distillation from Weakly-Supervised Detection

Multi-label image classification is a fundamental but challenging task towards general visual understanding. Existing methods found the region-level cues (e.g., features from RoIs) can facilitate multi-label classification. Nevertheless, such methods usually require laborious object-level annotations (i.e., object labels and bounding boxes) for effective learning of the object-level visual features. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient deep framework to boost multi-label classification by distilling knowledge from weakly-supervised detection task without bounding box annotations. Specifically, given the image-level annotations, (1) we first develop a weakly-supervised detection (WSD) model, and then (2) construct an end-to-end multi-label image classification framework augmented by a knowledge distillation module that guides the classification model by the WSD model according to the class-level predictions for the whole image and the object-level visual features for object RoIs. The WSD model is the teacher model and the classification model is the student model. After this cross-task knowledge distillation, the performance of the classification model is significantly improved and the efficiency is maintained since the WSD model can be safely discarded in the test phase. Extensive experiments on two large-scale datasets (MS-COCO and NUS-WIDE) show that our framework achieves superior performances over the state-of-the-art methods on both performance and efficiency.Comment: accepted by ACM Multimedia 2018, 9 pages, 4 figures, 5 table

The Effect of High Dose Melatonin on Cardiac Ischemia-reperfusion Injury

Purpose: Melatonin, the most potent scavenger of toxic free radicals, has been found to be effective in protecting against pathological states due to the release of reactive oxygen species. This study was performed to establish the effect of high dose melatonin on protection against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat hearts. Materials and Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. They were separated into four groups of ten rats each. A left coronary artery occlusion was induced in the rats by ligating the artery for 20 minutes and then releasing the ligation (reperfusion) afterwards. The control group was Group A. Group B was subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion without any treatment, while Group C underwent myocardial ischemia-reperfusion with a melatonin treatment before the ischemia. Group D was subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion with a melatonin treatment before the reperfusion. After 20 minutes of reperfusion, blood samples were obtained from each group for biochemical studies, and the animals were sacrificed for histological and, immunohistochemical examinations of the myocardial tissue. Results: We found that the cardiac troponin T(cTn-T) levels were significantly increased in Group B when all groups were compared. In the Group C rats treated with melatonin, the cTn-T values were significantly lower than those in Groups B and D. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes including, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were lower than those in Group B in the melatonin treated groups. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Histopathologic and immunohistopathologic studies also supported the effectiveness of melatonin. Conclusion: Our study suggests that high dose melatonin, appears to offer protection against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injuries in rats by scavenging the free radicals and could have a potential clinical use in the management of myocardial ischemia.PURPOSE:Melatonin, the most potent scavenger of toxic free radicals, has been found to be effective in protecting against pathological states due to the release of reactive oxygen species. This study was performed to establish the effect of high dose melatonin on protection against ischemia- reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat hearts.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. They were separated into four groups of ten rats each. A left coronary artery occlusion was induced in the rats by ligating the artery for 20 minutes and then releasing the ligation (reperfusion) afterwards. The control group was Group A. Group B was subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion without any treatment, while Group C underwent myocardial ischemia-reperfusion with a melatonin treatment before the ischemia. Group D was subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion with a melatonin treatment before the reperfusion. After 20 minutes of reperfusion, blood samples were obtained from each group for biochemical studies, and the animals were sacrificed for histological and, immunohistochemical examinations of the myocardial tissue.RESULTS:We found that the cardiac troponin T(cTn-T) levels were significantly increased in Group B when all groups were compared. In the Group C rats treated with melatonin, the cTn-T values were significantly lower than those in Groups B and D. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes including, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were lower than those in Group B in the melatonin treated groups. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Histopathologic and immunohistopathologic studies also supported the effectiveness of melatonin.CONCLUSION:Our study suggests that high dose melatonin, appears to offer protection against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injuries in rats by scavenging the free radicals and could have a potential clinical use in the management of myocardial ischemia

The Effect of High Dose Melatonin on Cardiac Ischemia-reperfusion Injury

Purpose: Melatonin, the most potent scavenger of toxic free radicals, has been found to be effective in protecting against pathological states due to the release of reactive oxygen species. This study was performed to establish the effect of high dose melatonin on protection against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat hearts. Materials and Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. They were separated into four groups of ten rats each. A left coronary artery occlusion was induced in the rats by ligating the artery for 20 minutes and then releasing the ligation (reperfusion) afterwards. The control group was Group A. Group B was subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion without any treatment, while Group C underwent myocardial ischemia-reperfusion with a melatonin treatment before the ischemia. Group D was subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion with a melatonin treatment before the reperfusion. After 20 minutes of reperfusion, blood samples were obtained from each group for biochemical studies, and the animals were sacrificed for histological and, immunohistochemical examinations of the myocardial tissue. Results: We found that the cardiac troponin T(cTn-T) levels were significantly increased in Group B when all groups were compared. In the Group C rats treated with melatonin, the cTn-T values were significantly lower than those in Groups B and D. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes including, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were lower than those in Group B in the melatonin treated groups. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Histopathologic and immunohistopathologic studies also supported the effectiveness of melatonin. Conclusion: Our study suggests that high dose melatonin, appears to offer protection against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injuries in rats by scavenging the free radicals and could have a potential clinical use in the management of myocardial ischemia.PURPOSE:Melatonin, the most potent scavenger of toxic free radicals, has been found to be effective in protecting against pathological states due to the release of reactive oxygen species. This study was performed to establish the effect of high dose melatonin on protection against ischemia- reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat hearts.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. They were separated into four groups of ten rats each. A left coronary artery occlusion was induced in the rats by ligating the artery for 20 minutes and then releasing the ligation (reperfusion) afterwards. The control group was Group A. Group B was subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion without any treatment, while Group C underwent myocardial ischemia-reperfusion with a melatonin treatment before the ischemia. Group D was subjected to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion with a melatonin treatment before the reperfusion. After 20 minutes of reperfusion, blood samples were obtained from each group for biochemical studies, and the animals were sacrificed for histological and, immunohistochemical examinations of the myocardial tissue.RESULTS:We found that the cardiac troponin T(cTn-T) levels were significantly increased in Group B when all groups were compared. In the Group C rats treated with melatonin, the cTn-T values were significantly lower than those in Groups B and D. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes including, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were lower than those in Group B in the melatonin treated groups. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Histopathologic and immunohistopathologic studies also supported the effectiveness of melatonin.CONCLUSION:Our study suggests that high dose melatonin, appears to offer protection against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injuries in rats by scavenging the free radicals and could have a potential clinical use in the management of myocardial ischemia