Distributed Dynamic Event-Based Control for Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems

This brief studies the synchronization problem for a class of QUAD and interconnected nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs). A dynamic event-based control scheme is designed, and two event-based synchronization conditions are constructed by utilizing stability theory. Moreover, the Zeno-behavior can be excluded in the MASs. An example and its simulation are given to verify the applicability of the designed dynamic event-based protocol for MASs.</p

Design, Meshing Characteristics and Stress Analysis of Cylindrical Gears with Curvilinear Tooth Profile

Curvilinear tooth gears are commonly produced on a face milling cutter and a hob cutter. However, this paper proposes a kind of curvilinear tooth gear which is processed by a parallel linkage with a single blade cutter. For the purpose of identifying the meshing and contact characteristics of curvilinear tooth gears, the paper covers the following: (i) equations of tooth surfaces are deduced from the meshing theory, and a parameterized geometric model is developed by applying computer graphics; (ii) an investigation into meshing characteristics for an ideal assembly condition is performed, and an instantaneous contact curve is obtained from the developed tooth contact algorithm; (iii) based on the application of the finite element method, the evolution of contact and bending stresses during the cycle of meshing and between different arc radii of the curvilinear tooth is illustrated by numerical examples. The result shows that curvilinear tooth gear drives possess a higher contact ratio, severe contact stresses on the top edge of the tooth, and lower contact and bending stresses between appropriate arc radii, hence they may replace spur gears in the future

Distributed Dynamic Event-Based Control for Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems

This brief studies the synchronization problem for a class of QUAD and interconnected nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs). A dynamic event-based control scheme is designed, and two event-based synchronization conditions are constructed by utilizing stability theory. Moreover, the Zeno-behavior can be excluded in the MASs. An example and its simulation are given to verify the applicability of the designed dynamic event-based protocol for MASs

Event-triggered Synchronization of Multi-agent Systems with Partial Input Saturation

This paper is concerned with the distributed event/self-triggered synchronization problem for general linear multi-agent systems with partial input saturation. Both the event-based and self-triggered laws are designed using the local sampled, possibly saturated, state, which ensures the bounded synchronization of the multi-agent systems, and exclusion of the Zeno-behavior. The continuous communication between agents is avoided under these triggering protocols. Different from the existing related works, we show the fully distributed design for multi-agent systems, where the synchronization criteria, the designed input laws, and the proposed triggering protocols do not depend on any global information of the communication topology. In addition, the computation load of multi-agent systems is reduced significantly

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Stability of Stochastic Differential Switching Systems with Time-Delay and Impulsive Effects

This paper studies the stability of hybrid impulsive and switching stochastic neural networks. First, a new type of switching signal is constructed. The stochastic differential switching systems are steerable under the work of the switching signals. Then, using switching Lyapunov function approach, Itô formula, and generalized Halanay’s inequality, some global asymptotical and global exponential stability criteria are derived. These criteria improve the existing results on hybrid systems without noises. An example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results

Dynamic Feature Extraction Method of Driver's Propensity under Complicated Vehicle Group

The effect of driver's physiological and psychological characteristics on traffic safety is represented mainly as driver's propensity. Previous researches focus mostly on psychology test and its influence on traffic safety from relative static and macroscopic perspective. However, in the field of vehicle active safety, there are few studies on driver's affective measurement and computing from microcosmic and dynamic perspective, and previous researchers did not consider the influence of environment. The emphasis is about situation factors which directly influence driver's affection in all environment factors under two-lane condition. Various experiments are designed to collect driver's microdynamic information, and characteristics of driver's propensity toward different environments are extracted using genetic simulated annealing algorithm. Results show that the method can provide a basis to establish dynamic recognition model of driver's propensity further which is adapted to multilane environment

A peroxisomal long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase from Glycine max involved in lipid degradation.

Seed storage oil, in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG), is degraded to provide carbon and energy during germination and early seedling growth by the fatty acid β-oxidation in the peroxisome. Although the pathways for lipid degradation have been uncovered, understanding of the exact involved enzymes in soybean is still limited. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL) is a critical enzyme that activates free fatty acid released from TAG to form the fatty acyl-CoA. Recent studies have shown the importance of ACSL in lipid degradation and synthesis, but few studies were focused on soybean. In this work, we cloned a ACSL gene from soybean and designated it as GmACSL2. Sequence analysis revealed that GmACSL2 encodes a protein of 733 amino acid residues, which is highly homologous to the ones in other higher plants. Complementation test showed that GmACSL2 could restore the growth of an ACS-deficient yeast strain (YB525). Co-expression assay in Nicotiana benthamiana indicated that GmACSL2 is located at peroxisome. Expression pattern analysis showed that GmACSL2 is highly expressed in germinating seedling and strongly induced 1 day after imbibition, which indicate that GmACSL2 may take part in the seed germination. GmACSL2 overexpression in yeast and soybean hairy root severely reduces the contents of the lipids and fatty acids, compared with controls in both cells, and enhances the β-oxidation efficiency in yeast. All these results suggest that GmACSL2 may take part in fatty acid and lipid degradation. In conclusion, peroxisomal GmACSL2 from Glycine max probably be involved in the lipid degradation during seed germination

Real-time PCR analysis of expression of <i>GmACSL2</i> in soybean.

<p>(A) Expression pattern of <i>GmACSL2</i> in different tissues. Total RNA was extracted from young roots, senescent roots, stems, young leaves, senescent leaves, flowers, developing seeds, and germinating seedlings. The actin gene served as the positive control. (B) Expression pattern of <i>GmACSL2</i> in germination seedling under dark. (a) Germination seedlings from 0 day to 6 day after imbibition (DAI). (b) Lipids content of seedlings from 0 day to 6 day after imbibition. (c) Real-time analysis of the expression of <i>GmACSL2</i> from 0 day to 6 day after imbibition. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM of three experiments.</p