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Tropical cyclogenesis bias over the central North Pacific in CMIP6 simulations
Current coupled climate models contain large biases in simulating tropical cyclogenesis, reducing the confidence in tropical cyclone (TC) projection. In this study, we investigated the influence of sea surface temperature (SST) biases on TC genesis in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 simulations from 1979 to 2014. Positive TC genesis biases were found over the tropical Central North Pacific (CNP) in most of climate models, including the high-resolution models. Compared to coupled models, TC genesis density (TCGD) simulations over CNP in uncoupled models forced by observational SST improved obviously. A warm SST bias over the tropical CNP in the coupled models is the main cause of TC genesis biases. The SST bias-induced diabatic heating leads to an anomalous Gill-type atmospheric circulation response, which contributes to a series of favorable environmental conditions for TC formation over the CNP. Numerical experiments were also performed with HiRAM to demonstrate the influence of SST biases on the TCGD simulation, further confirmed our conclusion. The current results highlight the importance of improving TC simulation in state-of-the-art climate models by reducing SST simulation bias
<b>Table 1.</b> Single nucleotide polymorphisms in cancer stem cell marker genes.
<p>UTR: untranslated region; nd: no data.</p
Association of SNPs with histology types from lung cancer patients.
<p>* SQ: squamous cell; AD, adenocarcinoma; SC, small cell; OC, other carcinomas.</p
ROC plots for lung cancer risk prediction model.
<p>The ROC AUC was 0.7686. The straight line represented the ROC curve expected by chance alone.</p
The long-term efficacy of cytokine-induced killer cellular therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis
CACNB2 rs11013860 polymorphism correlates of prefrontal cortex thickness in bipolar patients with first-episode mania
Background: The beta 2 subunit of the voltage-gated c-type calcium channel gene(CACNB2) rs11013860 polymorphism is a putative genetic susceptibility marker for bipolar disorder (BD). However, the neural effects of CACNB2 rs11013860 in BD are largely unknown. Methods: Forty-six bipolar patients with first-episode mania and eighty-three healthy controls (HC) were genotyped for CACNB2 rs11013860 and were scanned with a 3.0 Tesla structural magnetic resonance imaging system to measure cortical thickness of prefrontal cortex (PFC) components (superior frontal cortex, orbito-frontal cortex, middle and inferior frontal gyri). Results: Cortical thickness was thinner in patients on all PFC measurements compared to HC (p < 0.050). Moreover, we found a significant interaction between CACNB2 genotype and diagnosis for the right superior frontal cortical thickness (F = 8.190, p = 0.040). Bonferroni corrected post-hoc tests revealed that, in CACNB2 A-allele carriers, patients displayed thinner superior frontal thickness compared to HC < 0.001). In patients, CACNB2 A-allele carriers also exhibited reduced superior frontal thickness compared to CACNB2 CC-allele carriers (p = 0.016). Limitations: Lithium treatment may influence our results, and the sample size in our study is relatively small. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the CACNB2 rs11013860 might impact PFC thickness in patients with first-episode mania. These findings provide evidence to support CACNB2 rs11013860 involvement in the emotion-processing neural circuitry abnormality in the early stage of BD, which will ultimately contribute to revealing the link between the variation in calcium channel genes and the neuropathological mechanism of BD.</p