1,492 research outputs found
Large-signal charge control modeling of photoreceivers for applications up to 40 Gb/s
A charge control model was used to simulate the sensitivity and responsivity in a range of photodetector configurations including heterojunction bipolar phototransistors (HPTs), PIN-HBT, and APDs. Our simulations enabled for the first time a direct comparison of the performance between these photodetectors to be made. Simulations have been performed at bit rates from 2 to 40 Gb/s using various combinations of device design parameters (layer thickness, source resistance, and dc base voltage). For a BER = 10(-9) at 40 Gb/s the best sensitivity of approximately -20 dBm was achieved using an optimized APD-HBT configuration, followed by sensitivities of approximately -14 dBm using optimized PIN-HBTs and HPTs. These results were found to agree well with published experimental data
Ambient betatron motion and its excitation by ghost lines in Tevatron
Transverse betatron motion of the Tevatron proton beam is measured and
analyzed. It is shown that the motion is coherent and excited by external
sources of unknown origins. Observations of the time varying ghost lines in the
betatron spectra are reported.Comment: 9 p
A general T-matrix approach applied to two-body and three-body problems in cold atomic gases
We propose a systematic T-matrix approach to solve few-body problems with
s-wave contact interactions in ultracold atomic gases. The problem is generally
reduced to a matrix equation expanded by a set of orthogonal molecular states,
describing external center-of-mass motions of pairs of interacting particles;
while each matrix element is guaranteed to be finite by a proper
renormalization for internal relative motions. This approach is able to
incorporate various scattering problems and the calculations of related
physical quantities in a single framework, and also provides a physically
transparent way to understand the mechanism of resonance scattering. For
applications, we study two-body effective scattering in 2D-3D mixed dimensions,
where the resonance position and width are determined with high precision from
only a few number of matrix elements. We also study three fermions in a
(rotating) harmonic trap, where exotic scattering properties in terms of mass
ratios and angular momenta are uniquely identified in the framework of
T-matrix.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure
Electronic and thermal sequential transport in metallic and superconducting two-junction arrays
The description of transport phenomena in devices consisting of arrays of
tunnel junctions, and the experimental confirmation of these predictions is one
of the great successes of mesoscopic physics. The aim of this paper is to give
a self-consistent review of sequential transport processes in such devices,
based on the so-called "orthodox" model. We calculate numerically the
current-voltage (I-V) curves, the conductance versus bias voltage (G-V) curves,
and the associated thermal transport in symmetric and asymmetric two-junction
arrays such as Coulomb-blockade thermometers (CBTs),
superconducting-insulator-normal-insulator-superconducting (SINIS) structures,
and superconducting single-electron transistors (SETs). We investigate the
behavior of these systems at the singularity-matching bias points, the
dependence of microrefrigeration effects on the charging energy of the island,
and the effect of a finite superconducting gap on Coulomb-blockade thermometry.Comment: 23 pages, 12 figures; Berlin (ISBN: 978-3-642-12069-5
'TaxTrack': Introducing a Democratic Innovation for Taxation
In this article we introduce an input-oriented democratic innovation – that we term ‘TaxTrack’ – which offers individual taxpayers the means to engage with their political economies in three ways. After joining the TaxTrack program, an individual can: (1) see and understand how much, and what types, of taxes they have contributed, (2) see and understand how their tax contributions are, or have been, used, and (3) control what their tax contributions can, or cannot, be spent on. We explain this democratic innovation in two ways. The first is through evocation to prefigure what the innovation could look like in future practise which raises the prospects for both good and problematic outcomes. The second is through formal theory to produce a detailed model of the innovation to assist theory building. We conclude by discussing three interactive outcomes of ‘TaxTrack’ through the democratic innovations literature to establish the beginnings of a theory for the model. This theory tells us that ‘TaxTrack’ can return benefits to its users and the democratic regimes in which they are located but it may also place restrictions on output-oriented innovations like Participatory Budgeting
Selective deletion of PPARβ/δ in fibroblasts causes dermal fibrosis by attenuated LRG1 expression.
Connective tissue diseases of the skin are characterized by excessive collagen deposition in the skin and internal organs. Fibroblasts play a pivotal role in the clinical presentation of these conditions. Nuclear receptor peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are therapeutic targets for dermal fibrosis, but the contribution of the different PPAR subtypes are poorly understood. Particularly, the role of fibroblast PPARβ/δ in dermal fibrosis has not been elucidated. Thus, we generated a mouse strain with selective deletion of PPARβ/δ in the fibroblast (FSPCre- <i>Pparb/d</i> <sup>-/-</sup> ) and interrogated its epidermal and dermal transcriptome profiles. We uncovered a downregulated gene, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 ( <i>Lrg1</i> ), of previously unknown function in skin development and architecture. Our findings suggest that the regulation of <i>Lrg1</i> by PPARβ/δ in fibroblasts is an important signaling conduit integrating PPARβ/δ and TGFβ1-signaling networks in skin health and disease. Thus, the FSPCre- <i>Pparb/d</i> <sup>-/-</sup> mouse model could serve as a novel tool in the current gunnery of animal models to better understand dermal fibrosis
Isospin Effects in Nuclear Multifragmentation
We develop an improved Statistical Multifragmentation Model that provides the
capability to calculate calorimetric and isotopic observables with precision.
With this new model we examine the influence of nuclear isospin on the fragment
elemental and isotopic distributions. We show that the proposed improvements on
the model are essential for studying isospin effects in nuclear
multifragmentation. In particular, these calculations show that accurate
comparisons to experimental data require that the nuclear masses, free energies
and secondary decay must be handled with higher precision than many current
models accord.Comment: 46 pages, 16 figure
Mass Parameterizations and Predictions of Isotopic Observables
We discuss the accuracy of mass models for extrapolating to very asymmetric
nuclei and the impact of such extrapolations on the predictions of isotopic
observables in multifragmentation. We obtain improved mass predictions by
incorporating measured masses and extrapolating to unmeasured masses with a
mass formula that includes surface symmetry and Coulomb terms. We find that
using accurate masses has a significant impact on the predicted isotopic
observables.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
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