Adaptive beamforming for binary phase shift keying communication systems

system

On multi-user EXIT chart analysis aided turbo-detected MBER beamforming designs

Abstract—This paper studies the mutual information transfer characteristics of a novel iterative soft interference cancellation (SIC) aided beamforming receiver communicating over both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath slow fading channels. Based on the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart technique, we investigate the convergence behavior of an iterative minimum bit error rate (MBER) multiuser detection (MUD) scheme as a function of both the system parameters and channel conditions in comparison to the SIC aided minimum mean square error (SIC-MMSE) MUD. Our simulation results show that the EXIT chart analysis is sufficiently accurate for the MBER MUD. Quantitatively, a two-antenna system was capable of supporting up to K=6 users at Eb/N0=3dB, even when their angular separation was relatively low, potentially below 20?. Index Terms—Minimum bit error rate, beamforming, multiuser detection, soft interference cancellation, iterative processing, EXIT chart

Iterative Multiuser Minimum Symbol Error Rate Beamforming Aided QAM Receiver

A novel iterative soft interference cancellation (SIC) aided beamforming receiver is developed for high-throughput quadrature amplitude modulation systems. The proposed SIC based minimum symbol error rate (MSER) multiuser detection scheme guarantees the direct and explicit minimization of the symbol error rate at the output of the detector. Adopting the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart technique, we compare the EXIT characteristics of an iterative MSER multiuser detector (MUD) with those of the conventional minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) detector. As expected, the proposed SIC-MSER MUD outperforms the SIC-MMSE MUD. Index Terms—Beamforming, iterative multiuser detection, minimum symbol error rate, quadrature amplitude modulation

Symmetric complex-valued RBF receiver for multiple-antenna aided wireless systems

A nonlinear beamforming assisted detector is proposed for multiple-antenna-aided wireless systems employing complex-valued quadrature phase shift-keying modulation. By exploiting the inherent symmetry of the optimal Bayesian detection solution, a novel complex-valued symmetric radial basis function (SRBF)-network-based detector is developed, which is capable of approaching the optimal Bayesian performance using channel-impaired training data. In the uplink case, adaptive nonlinear beamforming can be efficiently implemented by estimating the system’s channel matrix based on the least squares channel estimate. Adaptive implementation of nonlinear beamforming in the downlink case by contrast is much more challenging, and we adopt a cluster-variationenhanced clustering algorithm to directly identify the SRBF center vectors required for realizing the optimal Bayesian detector. A simulation example is included to demonstrate the achievable performance improvement by the proposed adaptive nonlinear beamforming solution over the theoretical linear minimum bit error rate beamforming benchmark

Minimum Symbol Error Rate Turbo Multiuser Beamforming Aided QAM Receiver

This paper studies a novel iterative soft interference cancellation (SIC) aided beamforming receiver designed for highthroughput quadrature amplitude modulation systems communicating over additive white Gaussian noise channels. The proposed linear SIC aided minimum symbol error rate (MSER) multiuser detection scheme guarantees the direct and explicit minimisation of the symbol error rate at the output of the detector. Based on the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart technique, we compare the EXIT characteristics of an iterative MSER multiuser detector (MUD) with those of the conventional minimum mean squared error (MMSE) detector. As expected, the proposed SICMSER MUD outperforms the SIC aided MMSE MUD

Optimal Charging of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grid: Characterization and Valley-Filling Algorithms

Electric vehicles (EVs) offer an attractive long-term solution to reduce the dependence on fossil fuel and greenhouse gas emission. However, a fleet of EVs with different EV battery charging rate constraints, that is distributed across a smart power grid network requires a coordinated charging schedule to minimize the power generation and EV charging costs. In this paper, we study a joint optimal power flow (OPF) and EV charging problem that augments the OPF problem with charging EVs over time. While the OPF problem is generally nonconvex and nonsmooth, it is shown recently that the OPF problem can be solved optimally for most practical power networks using its convex dual problem. Building on this zero duality gap result, we study a nested optimization approach to decompose the joint OPF and EV charging problem. We characterize the optimal offline EV charging schedule to be a valley-filling profile, which allows us to develop an optimal offline algorithm with computational complexity that is significantly lower than centralized interior point solvers. Furthermore, we propose a decentralized online algorithm that dynamically tracks the valley-filling profile. Our algorithms are evaluated on the IEEE 14 bus system, and the simulations show that the online algorithm performs almost near optimality ($<1$ relative difference from the offline optimal solution) under different settings.Comment: This paper is temporarily withdrawn in preparation for journal submissio

Identification of chemerin receptor (ChemR23) in human endothelial cells: chemerin-induced endothelial angiogenesis

Chemerin acting via its distinct G protein-coupled receptor CMKLR1 (ChemR23), is a novel adipokine, circulating levels of which are raised in inflammatory states. Chemerin shows strong correlation with various facets of the metabolic syndrome; these states are associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dysregulated angiogenesis. We therefore, investigated the regulation of ChemR23 by pro-inflammatory cytokines and assessed the angiogenic potential of chemerin in human endothelial cells (EC). We have demonstrated the novel presence of ChemR23 in human ECs and its significant up-regulation (P < 0.001) by pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. More importantly, chemerin was potently angiogenic, as assessed by conducting functional in-vitro angiogenic assays; chemerin also dose-dependently induced gelatinolytic (MMP-2 & MMP-9) activity of ECs (P < 0.001). Furthermore, chemerin dose-dependently activated PI3K/Akt and MAPKs pathways (P < 0.01), key angiogenic and cell survival cascades. Our data provide the first evidence of chemerin-induced endothelial angiogenesis and MMP production and activity

Nonlinear Beamforming for Multiple-Antenna Assisted QPSK Wireless Systems

A nonlinear beamforming aided detector is proposed for multiple-antenna assisted quadrature phase shift keying systems. By exploiting the inherent symmetry of the optimal Bayesian detection solution, a symmetric radial basis function (SRBF) detector is developed which is capable of approaching the optimal Bayesian performance using channel-impaired training data. In the uplink case, adaptive nonlinear beamforming can be implemented effectively by estimating the channel matrix based on the least squares channel estimate. Adaptive implementation of nonlinear beamforming in the downlink case by contrast is much more challenging, and we adopt a cluster-variation enhanced clustering algorithm to directly identify the SRBF centre vectors required for realising the optimal Bayesian detector

An exploratory study of the upper middle-class consumer attitudes towards counterfeiting in China

Although counterfeiting has been discussed in the literature, research focusing on the newly-emerged upper-middle class from emerging economies remains scarce. The aim of this exploratory study is to uncover the new upper-middle class consumers’ attitudes towards counterfeiting in China. Qualitative research method was adopted to provide richer and deep information on the research questions. Through semi-structured in-depth interviews with members of the Chinese upper-middle class in Beijing, this study reveals that upper-middle class consumers present a distinctive view in counterfeiting in that they believe counterfeiting not only causes grave welfare related consequences and loss of trust in the legal system, but also seriously interferes with the order of the market