Cation Exchange Properties of Tetratitanic Acid with Interlayer Protons and of Titania with Surface Hydroxyl Protons

Cation exchange properties of tetratitanic acid with interlayer protons were measured and compared to those of titania with surface hydroxyl protons using the Frumkin equation. Tetratitanic acid showed larger ion-exchange capacity and much higher activity than titania. The characteristics of exchangeable protons and intercalated cations are discussed to explain the different ion-exchange properties. The interlayer protons of tetratitanic acid can be regarded as acid functional groups of an oxoacid of TiIV, and acid functional groups dissociate much more easily than the surface hydroxyl groups on titania that are formed by hydration. The cations intercalated into tetratitanate are sandwiched between opposing titanate layers with negative charges and are better stabilized than the cations adsorbed on the outer surfaces of titania owing to better neutralization of cationic charges

Changes in body composition parameters with age

Health risks are associated with changes in body composition parameters with age. In the present study, body composition parameters （appendicular skeletal muscle mass ［ASMM］, fat mass ［FM］, and water content ［water］） using bioelectrical impedance analysis （BIA） and total skeletal MM （TSMM） measured by 24-h creatinine excretion （Cr） were obtained in 30 male and 38 female healthy subjects. BIA-ASMM in both sexes and Cr-TSMM in females were negatively correlated with aging, and BIA-FM was negatively correlated with BIA-water in both sexes. Of note, Cr-TSMM was a more sensitive marker of MM than BIA-ASMM. Thus, decreases in BIA-ASMM and Cr- TSMM were the most consistent markers of aging and sarcopenia. This study may help promote nursing care for healthy aging

Svojstva izmjene kationa tetratitanske kiseline s međuslojnim protonima i svojstva izmjene titanijeva oksida s površinskim hidroksilnim protonima

Cation exchange properties of tetratitanic acid with interlayer protons were measured and compared to those of titania with surface hydroxyl protons using the Frumkin equation. Tetratitanic acid showed larger ion-exchange capacity and much higher activity than titania. The characteristics of exchangeable protons and intercalated cations are discussed to explain the different ion-exchange properties. The interlayer protons of tetratitanic acid can be regarded as acid functional groups of an oxoacid of TiIV, and acid functional groups dissociate much more easily than the surface hydroxyl groups on titania that are formed by hydration. The cations intercalated into tetratitanate are sandwiched between opposing titanate layers with negative charges and are better stabilized than the cations adsorbed on the outer surfaces of titania owing to better neutralization of cationic charges.Mjerena su svojstva izmjene kationa tetratitanske kiseline s međuslojnim protonima i rezultati su, pomoću Frumkinove jednadžbe, uspoređeni s rezultatima dobivenima za svojstva izmjene kationa titanijeva oksida s površ inskim hidroksilnim protonima. Tetratitanska kiselina pokazala je veći kapacitet ionske izmjene i znatno veću aktivnost od titanijeva oksida. Kako bi se objasnila različita svojstva ionske izmjene, raspravljena su svojstva izmjenjivih protona i interkalarnih kationa. Međuslojni protoni tetratitanske kiseline mogu se promatrati kao kisele funkcionalne skupine oksokiseline titanija(IV), a takve kisele funkcionalne skupine znatno lakše disociraju nego površinske hidoksilne skupine na titanijevu oksidu koje nastaju hidratacijom. Kationi interkalirani u tetratitanate smješteni su između titanatnih slojeva s negativnim nabojem i bolje su stabilizirani nego kationi adsorbirani na vanjsku površinu TiO2 zbog bolje neutralizacije kationskih naboja

Overexpression of CD 133 and BCL-2 in non-small cell lung cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation after transformation in ALK rearrangement-positive adenocarcinoma

Transformation to small cell lung cancer is one phenomenon of acquired resistance to anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitors in ALK rearrangement-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Few case reports have focused on other types of histological transformation. We report a case of transformation of ALK rearrangement-positive adenocarcinoma to NSCLC with neuroendocrine differentiation during alectinib therapy. A 36-year-old woman presented with a tumor in the left lower lobe and bone metastases. She was diagnosed with ALK rearrangement-positive adenocarcinoma by histopathology of the primary tumor. Alectinib had been effective for 8 months before new lesions appeared. Histopathological re-examination of a recurrent tumor revealed poorly differentiated carcinoma with insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) expression, which remained ALK-positive. Expression of CD133, BCL-2, and SOX2 was positive in comparison to the initial tumor. Expression of SOX2 became more strongly positive than it was before treatment. The immunohistochemical findings of these markers associated with cancer stem-like cells and/or neuroendocrine differentiation suggest that cancer stem cells play a role in the mechanisms of histological transformation and acquired resistance of ALK rearrangement-positive cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first report to suggest an association between cancer stem-like cells and histological transformation in ALK rearrangement-positive lung cancer

Fatal Hemoptysis Due to Endobronchial Aspergilloma in the Hyperinflated Native Lung after Single-Lung Transplantation for Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: A Case Report

Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis accounts for the majority of cadaveric lung transplantation cases. Post-transplantation management is continuingly necessary not only to prevent the progression of LAM but also to address complications. A woman with lymphangioleiomyomatosis underwent cadaveric lung transplantation. She developed post-operative native lung hyperinflation and hemoptysis with cavity shadow in the native lung on computed tomography. Isolated Aspergillus from her sputum and positive Aspergillus galactomannan antigen in the blood led to a diagnosis of aspergillosis. Despite the reduction of hemoptysis by antifungal medication, she developed fatal hemoptysis. An autopsy showed an Aspergillus fungal mass in the bronchus in the native lung whilst the lung graft was free from lymphangioleiomyomatosis lesions. Endobronchial aspergilloma was suggested to be a cause of hemoptysis. This fatal clinical course suggested that hemoptysis due to endobronchial aspergilloma in the native lung should have been considered native lung pneumonectomy as a further intervention