Scenes from the Past Multidetector CT of Egyptian Mummies of the Redpath Museum

As a nondestructive method of historical and anthropologic inquiry, imaging has played an important role in mummy studies over the past several decades. Recent technologic advances have made multidetector computed tomography (CT) an especially useful means for deepening the present understanding of ancient cultures by examining preserved human remains. In April 2011, three ancient Egyptian human mummies from the Redpath Museum of McGill University were examined with 320-section multidetector CT as part of the IMPACT Radiological Mummy Database project headquartered at the University of Western Ontario. Whole-body scanning was performed with a section thickness of 0.5 mm and a peak voltage of 120 kVp, and the raw CT datasets were postprocessed by using smooth body and high-resolution bone convolution filters. Two of the mummies were scanned at different energy levels (80 and 135 keV). The high-resolution CT scans revealed the details of mummification and allowed observations about the socioeconomic and health status of the human subjects based on both the mummification technique used and the appearance of the remains, particularly the bones and teeth. The paleopathologic information obtained from the scans confirmed some findings in studies performed in the same mummies in the late 19th and 20th centuries. The CT scans also demonstrated a high degree of variability in Egyptian mortuary practice, variability that is not generally recognized in the literature. Unusual features that were observed included a relatively uncommon retained heart in mummy RM2718, retained lungs in a mummy from which the heart had been extracted (RM2720), and a cartonnage plaque placed over the left abdomen of a mummy that had been eviscerated transperineally (RM2717)

Standards of Practice in Acute Ischemic Stroke Intervention: International Recommendations

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Imaging diagnosis and the role of endovascular embolization treatment for vascular intraspinal tumors

Intraspinal tumors comprise a large spectrum of neoplasms, including hemangioblastomas, paragangliomas, and meningiomas. These tumors have several common characteristic imaging features, such as highly vascular mass appearance in angiography, hypointense rim and serpentine flow voids in MRI, and intense enhancement after intravenous contrast administration. Due to their rich vascularity, these tumors represent a special challenge for surgical treatment. More recently, the surgical treatment of intraspinal vascular tumors has benefited from the combination of endovascular techniques used to better delineate these lesions and to promote preoperative reduction of volume and tissue blood flow. Endovascular embolization has been proven to be a safe procedure that facilitates the resection of these tumors; hence, it has been proposed as part of the standard of care in their management

Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities-haemosiderin (ARIA-H) in patients with Alzheimer's disease treated with bapineuzumab: a historical, prospective secondary analysis

Background Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities due to haemosiderin deposition (ARIA-H) occur in patients with mild to moderate dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and have been reported with increased incidence in clinical trials of amyloid-lowering therapies under development for AD. Objective Our objective was to explore the relationship between the incidences of ARIA-H during treatment with placebo and different doses of bapineuzumab, a humanised monoclonal antibody directed against amyloid β. Methods Two neuroradiologists independently reviewed 2572 GRE/T2* MRI sequences from 262 participants in two phase two clinical trials of bapineuzumab and an open-label extension study. Readers were blinded to the participant's therapy, APOE ε4 genotype and medical history. Results Several risk factors for small ARIA-H <10 mm (microhaemorrhages) were identified: APOE ε4, bapineuzumab treatment, pre-existing small ARIA-H and use of antithrombotics. The HR (95%CI) for incident ARIA-H <10 mm associated with the number of APOE ε4 alleles was 11.9 (3.3 to 42.5) for 2 versus no alleles and 3.5 (1.0 to 12.0) for 1 versus no allele. The HR for bapineuzumab therapy was 3.5 (1.0 to 12.0); for the presence of baseline ARIA-H <10 mm, it was 3.5 (1.6 to 7.8), and for the use of antithrombotic agents it was 2.2 (1.0 to 4.8). The incidence rate for ARIA-H <10 mm was elevated only in the initial 6 months of active treatment and declined after this interval to a rate similar to that observed in the group treated with placebo. Conclusions ARIA-H represents a spectrum of MRI findings due to haemosiderin deposition that appears to be related to impaired vascular integrity. The increased risk for ARIA-H associated with APOE ε4 allele frequency, pre-existing ARIA-H, treatment with bapineuzumab and use of antithrombotic agents provides additional support for this hypothesis of loss of integrity of cerebral vessels due to amyloid burden