Analysis of occupational safety and health practices on construction sites in Turkey: field study

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2013Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2013Dünyanın birçok ülkesinde en büyük iş alanlarından birini oluşturan inşaat sektörü, istihdam ettiği büyük insan kitlesiyle birlikte çeşitli ciddi risk ve tehlikeleri de beraberinde getirmektedir. Birçok faktörün rol oynadığı bu risk ve tehlikeler zaman zaman yüksek dereceli hasarlara ve ölümlere yol açabilmektedir.Dolayısıyla işçi sağlığı ve güvenliği bu sektördeki en önemli konulardan birini oluşturmaktadır. İşçi sağlığı ve güvenliği, inşaat sektörü çalışanlarını yaralanmalardan, kazalardan ve hastalıklardan korumakla birlikte, bu durumlara yol açabilecek potansiyel risk ve faktörleri azaltmaya yönelik yapılan uygulama ve çalışmaların tümü olarak tanımlanabilir. Dolayısıyla bütün inşaat alanlarında personellerin güvenliğini sağlayan yüksek performans sağlayabilecek ve yüksek güvenlik standartlarına uygun güvenlik programları gereklidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, daha önce bu konuyla ilgili yapılmış çalışmalara ve güvenlik araştırmaları literatürüne göre saptanan, iş güvenliği uzmanlarının üzerinde görüş birliği sağladığı işçi sağlığı ve güvenliği hususlarının, Türkiye’de uygulanma koşullarını, bu hususları etkileyen faktörleri ve bu faktörlerin gerçekleşme sıklığı ile güvenliği etkileme derecesini saptamaya çalışmaktır.The construction industry is one of the most dangerous sectors. The incidence of fatalities, injuries and illnesses to construction workers are among the highest in most of the countries. Accidents have drastic effects in the economic costs of workplace. Occupational Health and Safety acts provide workers with a safe and healthy work environment. In order to effectively gain from safety programs, factors that affect its implementation need to be studied. The objective of this study is: (1) investigating the degree of influence of factors on a safety program implementation, as perceived by the respondents (OHS experts). (2) Evaluating the frequent reasons of the accidents on the construction site. A face-to-face questionnaire and interview have been used to measure and analyze the needed response rate. From the surveys held, visiting and observing the construction sites and the interview with OHS experts, it has been found out that the workers awareness about the safety on the construction site is very low. Hence, the safety culture must be developed between the employees working at the construction sites..Yüksek LisansM.Sc

Effects of alternative ecological fillers on the mechanical, durability, and microstructure of fly ash-based geopolymer mortar

In this research, the performance of fly ash/GGBS geopolymer mortars made with different quarry waste powder as filler materials by substituted the river sand fine aggregate with different ratios was evaluated based on the mechanical, physical, durability properties and microstructural analysis. Limestone waste, marble waste and basalt waste powder were used as filler materials developing eco-friendly and economical geopolymer from industrial waste as a promising sustainable area of research. A series of tests were conducted such as on strength properties, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), physical properties, abrasion resistance test, splitting tensile strength and microstructure analysis (SEM). The samples were elevated at the high-temperatures of 200 degrees C, 400 degrees C, 600 degrees C and 800 degrees C. Results conducted that the use of limestone waste powder and marble waste powder up to 50% ratio improved the geopolymer composite's strength. The three filler geopolymer composites positively affected water absorption, strength properties and abrasion ratio results. The current article's finding has indicated a potential solution, presenting another geopolymer class followed by the successful use of fly ash and quarry waste as significant asset materials. The output of this study is commercially expected to be effective intercession for waste recycled and friendly environmental management conclusions

Investigation of the Mechanical, Microstructure and 3D Fractal Analysis of Nanocalcite-Modified Environmentally Friendly and Sustainable Cementitious Composites

Unlike conventional concrete materials, Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) use a micromechanics-based design theory in the material design process. Recently, the use of nanoparticles in various concretes and mortars has increased. This study used nanocalcite to investigate the mechanical, microstructural fractal analysis of environmentally friendly nanocalcite-doped ECC (NCa-ECC). This paper investigated the effects of nanocalcite (NCa) with different contents (0.5, 1, and 1.5% by mass of binder) on the mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites (ECC). For this purpose, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and flexural strength tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of the ECC series. In addition, SEM analyses were carried out to investigate the microstructural properties of the ECC series. The content of nanocalcite improved the mechanical and microstructural properties of the nanocalcite-modified ECC series. In addition, the 1 NCa series (1% nanocalcite modified to the mass of the binder) had the best performance among the series used in this study

Influence of various fibers on the physico-mechanical properties of a sustainable geopolymer mortar-based on metakaolin and slag

Recently, studies on sustainability and ecology have become widespread in almost all sectors. One of the most important reasons for this spread is the rapid increase in industrialization and, thus, the increase in waste caused by industries. In this context, significant efforts are being made to evaluate some of these wastes. One of these efforts is the production of geopolymers. In this research, metakaolin and slag-based geopolymer mortar samples were manufactured, and polyvinyl Alcohol, basalt, and macro synthetic polypropylene fibers were used to enhance the physical, mechanical, and high-temperature resistance of the sample. Physical and mechanical tests of the produced samples were performed after 28 days. Then, elevated-temperature experiments were conducted to evaluate the behavior of the fibers under the influence of high temperature. Following the high-temperature test, physical, mechanical and microstructure tests of the samples were performed. As a result, basalt fiber enhanced the compressive strength of 800 °C-exposed samples by 7.72% compared to the fiber-free sample. Also, polyvinyl Alcohol fiber increased the energy absorption capacity of the samples by increasing Charpy impact values to 72.22% compared to fiber-free sample. Moreover, macro synthetic polypropylene fiber reduced capillary water absorption value up to 12.44% compared to fiber-free sample

The Effect of Basalt Fiber on Mechanical, Microstructural, and High-Temperature Properties of Fly Ash-Based and Basalt Powder Waste-Filled Sustainable Geopolymer Mortar

As the human population grows and technology advances, the demand for concrete and cement grows. However, it is critical to propose alternative ecologically suitable options to cement, the primary binder in concrete. Numerous researchers have recently concentrated their efforts on geopolymer mortars to accomplish this objective. The effects of basalt fiber (BF) on a geopolymer based on fly ash (FA) and basalt powder waste (BP) filled were studied in this research. The compressive and flexural strength, Charpy impact, and capillary water absorption tests were performed on produced samples after 28 days. Then, produced samples were exposed to the high-temperature test. Weight change, flexural strength, compressive strength, UPV, and microstructural tests of the specimens were performed after and before the effect of the high temperature. In addition, the results tests conducted on the specimens were compared after and before the high-temperature test. The findings indicated that BF had beneficial benefits, mainly when 1.2 percent BF was used. When the findings of samples containing 1.2 percent BF exposed to various temperatures were analyzed, it was revealed that it could increase compressive strength by up to 18 percent and flexural strength by up to 44 percent. In this study, the addition of BF to fly ash-based geopolymer samples improved the high-temperature resistance and mechanical properties