Estimación del peso en adultos mayores a partir de medidas antropométricas del Estudio SABE Weight estimation in Mexican elderly outpatients from antropometric measures from the SABE Study

Introducción: El peso es un parámetro antropométrico de uso rutinario tanto a nivel ambulatorio como hospitalario y toma su trascendencia, ya que a menudo surgen condiciones clínicas que impiden su obtención en una báscula tradicional. Existen ecuaciones para estimar el peso. Sin embargo, éstas no han sido diseñadas para pacientes mexicanos ambulatorios. Objetivo: Diseñar una ecuación para estimar el peso en población mexicana, a partir de la base de datos del estudio Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento (SABE), correspondiente a la ciudad de México y área metropolitana. Material y métodos: Se empleó la base de datos del estudio SABE de la ciudad de México y área metropolitana, en el cual se incluyeron adultos de 60 y más años de la zona metropolitana de la ciudad de México, que completaron en su totalidad la evaluación antropométrica. Se creó un grupo para diseño de la ecuación y otro grupo para su validación. Ambos grupos se seleccionaron al azar a través de números aleatorios. Se estimó la ecuación a partir de medidas antropométricas en un grupo y se validó en el segundo. Resultados: Las ecuaciones obtenidas fueron: (0,67)* (Altura de la Rodilla) + (0,46)* (Circunferencia del Brazo) + (0,60)* (Circunferencia de la cintura) + (0,38)* (Circunferencia de la Cadera) + (0,53)* (Perímetro de la Pantorrilla) - (0,17)* (Edad en años) - 80,01 y (0,69)* (Altura de la Rodilla) + (0,61)* (Circunferencia del Brazo) + (0,17)* (Cintura) + (0,45)* (Cadera) + (0,58)* (Perímetro de la Pantorrilla) - (0,24)* (Edad en años) -55,9 en hombres y mujeres respectivamente. Los coeficientes de correlación correspondientes fueron 0,94 y 0,92 (p menor a 0,001 para ambas). Las diferencias entre los valores reales y estimados no fueron significativas. Conclusión: Las ecuaciones diseñadas en nuestro análisis son confiables y se pueden emplear para estimar el peso a nivel ambulatorio. Es necesario probar su utilidad en la práctica clínica donde no se puede obtener el peso por medición directa en toda la república mexicana y así ajustarlas a cada población en particular.Introduction: The weight is an anthropometric parameter routinely used in ambulatory and hospital settings, and takes its importance, because often there are clinical conditions that impede it´s taking in a traditional scale. There are equations to estimate weight. However, they have not been designed for Mexican ambulatory patients. Objective: To develop an equation to estimate weight in Mexican ambulatory patients from the Study of Health, Well Being and Aging, corresponding to Mexico city an surrounded area. Material and methods: The database of the Study of Health, Well Being and Aging of Mexico City was used, and adults of 60 years and older, who completed the anthropometric measures were included. Two groups of datasets were crated though random numbers, one for the design and the other for the validation of the equation. The equation was obtained from the first database and cross-validated in the second. Results: The equations obtained were: (0.67)* (Knee height) + (0.46)* (Mid-arm circumference) + (0.60)* (waist circumference) + (0.38)* (hip circumference) + (0.53)* (calf circumference) - (0.17)* (Age in years) - 80.01 and (0.69)* (Knee height) + (0.61)* (Mid-arm circumference) + (0.17)* (waist circumference) + (0.45)* (hip circumference) + (0.58)* (calf circumference) - (0.24)* (Age in years) - 55.9 in men and women respectively. The correlation coefficients were 0.94 y 0.92 (p < 0.001 for both). The differences between the real and estimated values were not significant. Conclusion: The equations developed in our analysis were confident and can be employed to estimate weight in ambulatory elderly. It is needed to test its validity in clinical scenarios were it is not possible to weight patients directly in the rest of the Mexican republic and adjust to specific populations

Disruption of protein rhamnosylation affects the Sporothrix schenckii-host interaction

Sporotrichosis is a fungal disease caused by the members of the Sporothrix pathogenic clade, and one of the etiological agents is Sporothrix schenckii. The cell wall of this organism has been previously analyzed and thus far is known to contain an inner layer composed of chitin and β -glucans, and an outer layer of glycoproteins, which are decorated with mannose and rhamnose-containing oligosaccharides. The L-rhamnose biosynthesis pathway is common in bacteria but rare in members of the Fungi kingdom. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to disrupt this metabolic route to assess the contribution of rhamnose during the S. schenckii-host interaction. We identified and silenced in S. schenckii a functional ortholog of the bacterial rmlD gene, which encodes for an essential reductase for the synthesis of nucleotide-activated L-rhamnose. RmlD silencing did not affect fungal growth or morphology but decreased cell wall rhamnose content. Compensatory, the β-1,3-glucan levels increased and were more exposed at the cell surface. Moreover, when incubated with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the RmlD silenced mutants differentially stimulated cytokine production when compared with the wild-type strain, reducing TNFα and IL-6 levels and increasing IL-1 β and IL-10 production. Upon incubation with human monocyte-derived macrophages, the silenced strains were more efficiently phagocytosed than the wild-type strain. In both cases, our data suggest that rhamnose-based oligosaccharides are ligands that interact with TLR4. Finally, our findings showed that cell wall rhamnose is required for the S. schenckii virulence in the G. mellonella model of infection

Adult <i>Diaphorina citri</i> Biocontrol Using <i>Hirsutella citriformis</i> Strains and Gum Formulations

Hirsutella citriformis Speare is the only entomopathogenic fungus that has been applied to control the hemipteran Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. However, the use of available commercial products under field conditions is limited due to conidia’s shelf life and short environmental persistence. We have previously reported the citrus psyllid D. citri adults’ biocontrol potential using H. citriformis strains. The aim of the present study was to evaluate different formulations based on H. citriformis (OP-Hir-3, OP-Hir-10, and OP-Hir-12 strains) conidia and gums as additives to improve D. citri adults’ biocontrol, under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions, using Hirsutella gums as conidia stabilizers to improve their viability under environmental drought conditions and as insecticide. Laboratory bioassay results showed that the highest (p D. citri mortality was achieved using FOP-Hir-10GH (63.5%), followed by the Hirsutella gum control (42.2%). Under greenhouse conditions, adults’ mortality reached up to 84.6% with FOP-Hir-12 and 49.0% with Hirsutella gum. In addition, we applied H. citriformis formulations under field conditions in a commercial citrus grove located in Tecomán, Colima, México, at 21.5 °C and 73.3% relative humidity (RH) in March and 25.7 °C and 72.5% RH in October 2022 and observed 67.3% and 94.0% mortality of D. citri adults, respectively. Hirsutella gum alone showed significant insecticidal activity against D. citri adults. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Hirsutella gum functioned as additive to H. citriformis conidia formulations, improving D. citri adults’ mortality and showing potential for this pest biocontrol in citrus orchards

El trabajador universitario: entre el malestar y la lucha Professors: between discomfort and fight

Las modificaciones en el mundo del trabajo producidas por la crisis de acumulación capitalista han transformado así mismo las condiciones de desarrollo de la labor docente. En un mundo cada vez más complejo y competitivo, la institución universitaria es atravesada por múltiples y contradictorias exigencias que se manifiestan en la salud de sus trabajadores. Este trabajo analiza fenómenos como la precarización del trabajo docente y sus implicaciones en la salud física y mental de los trabajadores universitarios, revisando las investigaciones recientes sobre el síndrome de burnout y padecimientos similares en México. Así mismo reflexiona sobre los límites y posibilidades de la acción política emancipadora por parte de los trabajadores de la educación.<br>The crisis of capitalist accumulation has brought changes in the world of work that have also affected the working conditions of professors. In a world increasingly complex and competitive, universities are traversed by multiple and conflicting demands that have impacts on their workers' health. This paper analyzes the phenomena of precarious work in the teaching profession and its implications for the physical and mental health of university employees. It reviews recent research on the burnout syndrome and similar sufferings in Mexico to reflect on the limits and possibilities of emancipatory political action by education workers