Finding Aedes aegypti in a natural breeding site in an urban zone, Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil

Descreve-se o encontro de nove larvas de Aedes aegypti em criadouro natural no bairro de Pinheiros, município de São Paulo, SP. O registro ocorreu no mês de dezembro de 2014, durante programa de vigilância entomológica dos vetores do vírus dengue, com busca ativa de potenciais criadouros, artificiais ou naturais. O encontro de larvas de Ae. aegypti em oco de árvore revela a capacidade dessa espécie de utilizar tanto criadouros artificiais como naturais para o seu desenvolvimento, o que aponta para a importância da manutenção de vigilância contínua sobre esse mosquito em todos os tipos de recipientes que podem acumular água.This is the description of how nine Aedes aegypti larvae were found in a natural breeding site in the Pinheiros neighborhood, city of Sao Paulo, SP, Southeastern Brazil. The record was conducted in December 2014, during an entomological surveillance program of dengue virus vectors, with an active search of potential breeding sites, either artificial or natural. Finding Ae. aegypti larvae in a tree hole shows this species’ ability to use both artificial and natural environments as breeding sites and habitats, which points towards the importance of maintaining continuous surveillance on this mosquito in all kinds of water-holding containers

Locomotor activity in Aedes aegypti with different insecticide resistance profiles

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate locomotor activity in four field populations of Ae. aegypti with different insecticide resistance profiles from the state of São Paulo for two years. METHODS: This study comprised the susceptible Rockefeller strain and four populations from São Paulo, Brazil: two considered populations with “reduced susceptibility” to pyrethroids (Campinas and Marília), and two “resistant populations” (Santos and Ribeirão Preto). First, 2016 and 2017 eggs from these five populations were hatched in laboratory. Virgin females underwent experiments under laboratory conditions at 25°C, with 12:12h light/dark (LD) photoperiod; 24-hour individual activity was recorded using a locomotor activity monitor (LAM). RESULTS: In females from 2016 field populations, both resistant populations showed significant more locomotor activity than the two reduced susceptibility populations and the Rockefeller strain (p < 0.05). As for females from 2017 field populations, reduced susceptibility populations showed a significant increased locomotor activity than the Rockefeller strain, but no significant difference when compared to Santos resistant population (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that insecticide-resistant Ae. aegypti populations show increased locomotor activity, which may affect the transmission dynamics of their arboviruses

First official record of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Acre State, Northern Brazil

Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1854) was reported in Brazil for the first time in 1986 and has shown marked expansion throughout the Brazilian territory. During a routine activity to control dengue fever conducted by the Division of Entomology of the Municipal Health Department in Rio Branco city, adults and immatures of Culicidae were collected in a peri-urban area. The identified Culicidae forms indicated that they belonged to the species Ae. albopictus. This is the first official record of the presence of Ae. albopictus in the Acre State, confirming its current presence in all Brazilian states

Aedes aegypti breeding site in an underground rainwater reservoir: a warning

We describe the discovery of Aedes aegypti underground breeding site in the Pinheiros neighborhood of São Paulo, SP, during an entomological survey program performed in 2016. Even with intense surveillance and vector control, large numbers of mosquitoes were present in this area. A detailed investigation allowed for the detection of Ae. aegypti in an underground reservoir used for rainwater storage. After the implementation of protection screens in the accesses, the presence of the vector was no longer detected. In this study, we discuss the frequent use of this type of reservoir structure and its risk for mosquito production.Descreve-se o encontro de criadouro subterrâneo de Aedes aegypti no bairro de Pinheiros, São Paulo, SP, ocorrido durante um programa de levantamento entomológico, realizado em 2016. Mesmo com intensa vigilância e controle vetorial, grande quantidade de mosquitos estava presente nessa área. Investigação minuciosa permitiu a detecção de Ae. aegypti em reservatório subterrâneo para armazenamento de água pluvial. Após a implantação de telas de proteção nos acessos, não foi mais detectada a presença do vetor. O uso frequente desse tipo de estrutura e o seu risco para a produção de mosquitos é discutido

CIRCADIAN ACTIVITY OF Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) UNDER NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL CONDITIONS

O surgimento da vida na Terra fez com que os organismos vivos dos mais diferentes níveis de organização expressassem ritmos diários resultantes de um longo processo de adaptação ao ciclo ambiental claro-escuro do planeta Terra. Dessa forma, os indivíduos de uma espécie conseguem concentrar suas principais atividades biológicas num determinado momento do dia, fazendo com que se encontrem no espaço e no tempo. Hoje em dia, é sabido que os ritmos circadianos têm caráter endógeno e são controlados pela expressão de genes específicos do relógio. Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus são considerados dois importantes vetores de arboviroses, como a dengue, em diversos países do mundo.O estudo do comportamento desses mosquitos vetores em condições de campo e de laboratório, principalmente em relação aos seus ritmos de atividade diários, tem papel crucial no conhecimento da dinâmica de transmissão dos patógenos causadores de doenças, bem como na aplicação de mecanismos de controle desses vetores. Assim, o objetivo dessa revisão é analisar os estudos já realizados acerca do comportamento de Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus em condições naturais do campo e artificiais de laboratório

Emerging arboviruses and public health challenges in Brazil

Environmental modification by anthropogenic actions, disordered urban growth, globalization of international exchange and climate change are some factors that help the emergence and dissemination of human infectious diseases transmitted by vectors. This review discusses the recent entry of three arboviruses in Brazil: Chikungunya, West Nile, and Zika virus, focusing on the challenges for the Country’s public health. The Brazilian population is exposed to infections caused by these three arboviruses widely distributed on the national territory and associated with humans. Without effective vaccine and specific treatment, the maintainance and integration of a continuos entomological and epidemiological surveillance are important so we can set methods to control and prevent these arboviruses in the Country.A modificação do ambiente por ações antrópicas, o crescimento urbano desordenado, o processo de globalização do intercâmbio internacional e as mudanças climáticas são alguns fatores que vêm facilitando a emergência e disseminação de doenças infecciosas humanas transmitidas por vetores. Este comentário aborda a recente entrada de três arbovírus no Brasil, Chikungunya (CHIKV), West Nile (WNV) e Zika (ZIKV), com enfoque nos desafios para a Saúde Pública do País. Transmitidos por mosquitos vetores amplamente distribuídos no território nacional e associados ao homem, a população brasileira encontra-se exposta à infecção por esses três arbovírus. Na ausência de vacina eficaz e tratamento específico, são importantes a manutenção e integração de uma vigilância entomológica e epidemiológica contínua, a fim de direcionarmos métodos de controle e prevenção contra essas arboviroses no País

Activity patterns of Aedes Aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) under natural and artificial conditions

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-09-12T15:37:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tamara_camara_IOC_2010.pdf: 435282 bytes, checksum: ae3f1aa660315f97b4f027b8480d0ced (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-09-12T15:44:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tamara_camara_IOC_2010.pdf: 435282 bytes, checksum: ae3f1aa660315f97b4f027b8480d0ced (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T15:44:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tamara_camara_IOC_2010.pdf: 435282 bytes, checksum: ae3f1aa660315f97b4f027b8480d0ced (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Diferentes tipos de organismos estão expostos a alterações diárias nos ciclos ambientais de claro-escuro e de temperatura. Tais organismos são adaptados a essas mudanças, apresentando comportamento específico, que é endogenamente controlado e produto de expressão gênica. Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus são considerados dois importantes vetores da dengue em diversos países do mundo. O estudo do padrão de atividade dos vetores da dengue é crucial para que possamos compreender melhor os seus hábitos comportamentais, a dinâmica de transmissão dos vírus, bem como para a melhor eficiência na aplicação de mecanismos de controle desses vetores. Assim, o objetivo dessa revisão é analisar os estudos já realizados acerca do comportamento e do padrão circadiano de A. aegypti e A. albopictus em ambientes naturais e de laboratório.Different kinds of organisms are exposed to daily natural changes in light/dark and temperature cycles. Such organisms are well adapted to those changes, expressing a specific behavior which is endogenously controlled and also is as a product of the expression of some clock genes. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are two important dengue vectors in various countries around the world. The study of the activity rhythm of dengue vectors is crucial to understand better their daily behavior, the dynamics of virus transmission as well as the best application of mechanisms of mosquitoes control. Thus, the objective of this review is to evaluate some studies on the behavior and circadian rhythms of A. aegypti and A. albopictus under natural and laboratory conditions.Los diferentes tipos de organismos están expuestos a alteraciones diarias en los ciclos ambientales de claro-oscuro y de temperatura. Tales organismos están adaptados a esos cambios, presentando un comportamiento específico, que es controlado endógenamente y es el resultado de la expresión génica. Aedes aegypti y Aedes albopictus son considerados importantes vectores de dengue en diversos países del mundo. El estudio del patrón de actividad de los vectores de dengue es crucial para que podamos comprender mejor su comportamiento, la dinámica de transmisión de los virus, así como para una mayor eficiencia en la aplicación de mecanismos de control de esos vectores. Es por esto que el objetivo de esta revisión es analizar los estudios ya realizados acerca del comportamiento y el patrón circadiano de A. aegypti y A. albopictus en ambientes naturales y de laboratorio

Natural vertical transmission of dengue virus in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: a systematic review

Abstract Dengue is of great concern in various parts of the world, especially in tropical and subtropical countries where the mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are present. The transmission of this virus to humans, by what is known as horizontal transmission, occurs through the bite of infected females of one or other of the two mosquito species. Furthermore, an infected female or male parent, by what is known as vertical transmission, can transfer this arbovirus to some part of their offspring. Considering that vertical transmission may represent an important strategy for maintaining the circulation of arboviruses in nature, the verification of this phenomenon worldwide is extremely important and necessary to better understand its dynamic. In the present study, we conducted a literature review of the presence of natural vertical transmission of dengue virus in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus worldwide. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, sciELO and Lilacs and all the studies published in Portuguese, English and Spanish were read, evaluated and organized by mosquito species, serotype and the location at which the samples were collected. Forty-two studies were included in accordance with the exclusion criteria and methodology. The presence of natural vertical transmission in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus was most clearly evidenced by dengue virus in endemic countries, especially in those in South America and Asia. Despite several African countries being considered endemic for dengue, there is a lack of publications on this subject on that continent, which highlights the importance of conducting studies there. Furthermore, the finding of natural vertical transmission in Ae. albopictus in countries where this species is not yet incriminated as a vector is of great concern as it demonstrates the circulation of this virus in populations of Ae. albopictus and alerts to the possibility of some other mosquito species playing a role in the transmission dynamics of this arbovirus. Parallel to this, the small number of studies of natural vertical transmission of chikungunya and Zika virus in the world may be explained by the recent entry of these arboviruses into most of the countries concerned