Job Opportunities and Obstacles of Madrasah Graduates in Bangladesh

Background: The aim of this article is to investigate the current employment situations of Madrasah graduates in Bangladesh along with problems and prospects in the work fields. Purpose: This paper also identifies the problems and barriers of the employment opportunities for Madrasah graduates in Bangladesh and finds out the possible solutions to those problems. Method: This article has followed the qualitative research approach and collected primary data through face-to-face eight in-depth interviews from Madrasah graduates who are successful with their career in their respective areas. Significance: This study will help the policymakers to formulate strategies to ensure job opportunities for Madrasah graduates. Findings: Madrasah graduates in Bangladesh face various obstacles and discrimination in getting jobs. Besides, Madrasah graduates have a variety of academic shortcomings such as lack of technical and communication skills. Their social skills and job skills are inadequate. The education provided by Madrasah are often theoretical and exclude practical knowledge like an internship or industrial attachment. The absence of qualified teachers is also another problem and this sector is having a leadership crisis. Applications & Recommendations: The results of this article can play a significant role in developing skills for better employment opportunities for Madrasah graduates in Bangladesh. This study also recommends on creating job demand for Madrasah graduates and draws the attention of policymakers for further action and development towards employability

Association of serum pregnancy associated plasma protein: a with gestational diabetes mellitus

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy that is not clearly overt diabetes. GDM has many adverse consequences on the health of mother and fetus. Methods: This cohort study was carried out involving 77 women of 11 to14-week pregnant attending in the Gynecology & Obstetrics and Fetomaternal Medicine OPD, BSMMU from September 2020 to August 2021. Results: Respondents were divided into two groups. Low PAPP-A group (<0.5MoM) and normal PAPP-A group (>0.5MoM). In low PAPP-A group, out of 16 respondents, 8 (42.1%) developed GDM and remaining 8(13.8%) were euglycemic. Whereas, in normal PAPP-A group, out of 61 respondents, majority 50 (86.2%) were euglycemic and only 11 (57.9%) women developed GDM. A total 19 (24.68%) respondents developed GDM from both low and normal PAPP-A group. ROC analysis of PAPP-A level for detection of GDM, a AUC value of 0.889 (95% CI 0.818-0.960) found which was statistically significant. A cut off value of ≤16.80 showed the highest Youden index (0.652) with 89.4% sensitivity and 81% specificity, the accuracy was 83.35. Moreover, a cut off value ≤16.80 showed PPV and NPV of 62.1% and 95.9%, respectively. PAPP-A level of GDM detected (10.32±5.56) µg/ml was significantly lower from non GDM mothers (25.08 ±9.85) µg/ml, where p<0. 001. Conclusions: Study finding revealed that maternal serum PAPP-A level was lower in 11-14 weeks of pregnancy who subsequently developed GDM. So, a low PAPP-A level (<0.5 MoM) in 11-14 weeks of pregnancy is associated for development of GDM

Perception and experiences of adolescent mothers and communities in caring for their preterm babies: findings from an in-depth study in rural Bangladesh.

BackgroundA significant concern for Bangladesh is the high prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and the associated negative consequences for mother and baby, including a teen-related increased risk of preterm birth (PTB). Bangladesh also has one of the highest incidences of PTB (19%). Despite these high numbers of adolescent pregnancies and PTB, little is reported about the experiences of adolescent mothers in caring for their preterm babies, and the interventions needed to support them. The aim of this study was to explore gaps and opportunities for improved care for preterm babies among adolescent mothers and communities in rural Bangladesh.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study in rural villages of Baliakandi sub-district of Bangladesh. Data collection involved in-depth interviews with adolescent mothers of premature and term babies, adult mothers with premature babies, and family members (n = 36); focus groups with community members (n = 5); and key informant interviews with healthcare providers (n = 13). Adolescent mothers with term and adult mothers with PTBs were included to elicit similarities and differences in understanding and care practices of PTB. A thematic approach was used for data analysis.ResultsWe explored two major themes- perceptions and understanding of PTB; care practices and care-seeking for illnesses. We observed gaps and variations in understanding of preterm birth (length of gestation, appearance, causes, problems faced) and care practices (thermal management, feeding, weight monitoring) among all, but particularly among adolescents. Immediate natal and marital-kins were prominent in the narratives of adolescents as sources of informational and instrumental support. The use of multiple providers and delays in care-seeking from trained providers for sick preterm babies was noted, often modulated by the perception of severity of illness, cost, convenience, and quality of services. Health systems challenges included lack of equipment and trained staff in facilities to provide special care to preterm babies.ConclusionA combination of factors including local knowledge, socio-cultural practices and health systems challenges influenced knowledge of, and care for, preterm babies among adolescent and adult mothers. Strategies to improve birth outcomes will require increased awareness among adolescents, women, and families about PTB and improvement in quality of PTB services at health facilities

Impact of gut microbiome on skin health : gut-skin axis observed through the lenses of therapeutics and skin diseases

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.The human intestine hosts diverse microbial communities that play a significant role in maintaining gut-skin homeostasis. When the relationship between gut microbiome and the immune system is impaired, subsequent effects can be triggered on the skin, potentially promoting the development of skin diseases. The mechanisms through which the gut microbiome affects skin health are still unclear. Enhancing our understanding on the connection between skin and gut microbiome is needed to find novel ways to treat human skin disorders. In this review, we systematically evaluate current data regarding microbial ecology of healthy skin and gut, diet, pre- and probiotics, and antibiotics, on gut microbiome and their effects on skin health. We discuss potential mechanisms of the gut-skin axis and the link between the gut and skin-associated diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, rosacea, alopecia areata, and hidradenitis suppurativa. This review will increase our understanding of the impacts of gut microbiome on skin conditions to aid in finding new medications for skin-associated diseases.Peer reviewe