Környezetvédelmileg ártalmas anyagok csökkentése arany és ezüst katalizátorral: a szerkezetfüggés modellezése = Gold and silver catalysts for abatement of environmentally harmful materials: modelling the structure dependency

A gépkocsik kipufogó gázaiban nagy mennyiségű NOx, CO és szénhidrogén-származék található, amelyek ártalmasak az emberi szervezetre. Ezek a komponensek drasztikusan csökkenthetők a háromutas katalizátor alkalmazásával. A napjainkban alkalmazott háromutas katalizátorokban Pt, Pd és Rh található cirkónium-oxid stabilizált cérium-oxid, cirkónium-oxid és α-alumínium-oxid hordozón. A jelen munka célja volt Au és Ag alapú katalizátor család fejlesztése a drága Pt és Rh helyettesítésére. Au-Ag kétfémes és az egyfémes Au és Ag mintákat SiO2, TiO2 és CeO2 hordozón állítottunk elő szol adszorpciós módszerrel, hogy vizsgáljuk a két fém egymásra hatását az ötvözet fázisban, és a hordozó hatást. Au/ és Ag/redukálható fémoxid határfelületek hatását különböző jól definiált szerkezetű modell katalizátorokon vizsgáltuk. Ezért Au és Ag nanorészecskéket és rétegeket párologtattunk kontrolált körülmények között a natív SiO2-vel borított Si(100) felületekre különböző módszerekkel (PLD, MBE, magnetron porlasztás). Redukálható oxid (pl. TiO2 FeOx és CeO2) Au-val és Ag-vel alkotott határfelületét többféle szerkezettel hoztuk létre, különböző sorrendben építve egymásra a részecskés vagy a vékonyréteg szerkezetű komponenseket. A minták jellemzését különböző módszerekkel végeztük (XPS, AFM, TEM, XRD, SIMS), valamint vizsgáltuk őket CO oxidációban és NOx redukciójában, valamint kiegészítésként glükóz szelektív oxidációjában. | Automotive exhaust gas contains high concentrations of NOx, CO, and hydrocarbons, which are harmful to human health. These components can be reduced drastically by the use of a three-way catalyst. All commercial three way catalysts in use at present are based on Pt, Pd, and Rh on a support comprised of zirconia-stabilized ceria, zirconia and α-alumina. The present project was aimed at developing a novel family of catalysts, based on Au and Ag, the most promising alternative candidates, to replace the more expensive Pt and Rh. We produced SiO2, TiO2 and CeO2 supported bimetallic Au-Ag and monometallic Au and Ag particles using sol preparation and adsorption method to clarify the cooperation of the two metals in the alloyed phase, and the support effect. The effect of the Au/, Ag/reducible metal oxide interface was studied with model catalysts of well defined various structures produced by different techniques. For this purpose Au and Ag nanoparticles and layers were evaporated in controlled ways onto Si(100) wafers using different new techniques (PLD, MBE, magnetron sputtering). Interface of gold and different oxides like TiO2, FeOx and CeO2 were created in different morphology fabricating of the layers or particles of the two components and changing of the order of the deposition. The samples were characterized by different techniques (XPS, AFM, TEM, XRD, SIMS), and studied in CO oxidation and NOx reduction as well as additionally in glucose selective oxidation

Spontaneous doping of the basal plane of MoS2 single layers through oxygen substitution under ambient conditions

The chemical inertness of the defect-free basal plane confers environmental stability to MoS2 single-layers, but it also limits their chemical versatility and catalytic activity. The stability of the pristine MoS2 basal plane against oxidation under ambient conditions is a widely accepted assumption in the interpretation of various studies and applications. However, single-atom level structural investigations reported here reveal that oxygen atoms spontaneously incorporate into the basal plane of MoS2 single layers during ambient exposure. Our scanning tunneling microscopy investigations reveal a slow oxygen substitution reaction, upon which individual sulfur atoms are one by one replaced by oxygen, giving rise to solid solution type 2D MoS2-xOx crystals. O substitution sites present all over the basal plane act as single-atomic active reaction centers, substantially increasing the catalytic activity of the entire MoS2 basal plane for the electrochemical H2 evolution reaction.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Hydrogen evolution driven by heteroatoms of bidentate N-heterocyclic ligands in iron(ii) complexes†

<jats:p>Non-coordinated heteroatoms in non-symmetrical bidentate N-heterocyclic ligands modulate the reactivity of Fe(<jats:sc>ii</jats:sc>) complexes towards acids under reductive conditions.</jats:p&gt

Comparison of open path and extractive long-path FTIR techniques in detection of air pollutants

A comprehensive comparison of long-path extractive and open-path FTIR techniques on the bases of the available literature and on our own experience at the wastewater treatment plant of a chemical factory has been made. Two equalization basins were investigated and it was supposed that all the surface of the wastewater emits polluting compounds smoothly, since the atmospheric dispersion was found to be ideal at both sites, there were no significant chemical reactions, and the basin dimensions were rather small (7 x 16m2 and 37 x 79m2, respectively). Since the possibilities were different, rather different optimal spectral parameters (resolution, scan numbers, path length) were chosen for field and laboratory measurements. The S/N ratio of laboratory spectra was about 50–100 times higher than that of field spectra, which resulted in higher precision and lower detection limits of the measurements, and comparing to field measurements an additional compound (chloroform) was detected. On the other hand, the extremely polar ammonia was not detectable by the extractive technique. With the open-path method, time-dependent concentration changes of the pollutants were monitored. The presence of the theoretically banned organic phase in wastewater was demonstrated by detection of xylenes, isopropanol, and methanol in the air above the basin. Comparing the results measured by the two different techniques the discrepancies in the concentrations were dependent on the compound under determination. In some cases, the concentrations agreed well; in other cases, not. Consequently, to application of both methods is desirable in some special cases; for example, when the extractive method is used for preliminary investigations