Modelling Photovoltaic Panels (Tandem) In Matlab-Simulink

At the stage of development of solar photovoltaic; the direct conversion of energy carried by the solar radiation into electricity, but before consuming, it took to produce using solar panels. Modeling of solar cells is based on their electrical characteristics (relationship voltage / current) under various conditions of radiation and temperature obtained by the equivalent circuit model, we consider associations with cells semiconductors respectful individuals such as: if, AlGaAs, Tandem, we integrate this model with Matlab simulink. The aim of this work is modeled solar panels; Tandem (coupled AlGaAs / Si). This modeling is an essential step to evaluate the characteristics of photovoltaic solar panels

Understanding social media usage by females in Saudi Arabia: a descriptive finding

Recently, Social Media (SM) platforms are not only functioned for entertainment but also for the exchange of information, collaboration and overcoming of cultural boundaries. Social media can provide many opportunities to Saudi females who are faced with many cultural boundaries such as unemployment and segregation between genders. However, the use of SM by Saudi females is still lesser than that of Saudi male. Few studies have yet investigated the involvement of Saudi females in SM. This study was conducted to determine the effects of SM on Saudi females. A comprehensive online survey was conducted and 632 valid responses were collected from Saudi females. Saudi females use SM to spend their spare time or for entertainment, to stay up-to-date with news and current events and to connect with friends and family. The study reveals a low percentage of SM use among Saudi females for business purposes. The finding also show that SM is potential to play a significant role in empowering the life of Saudi females at early age hence more effort should be undertaken to encourage more uptake of SM for business and commerce regardless of gender.Keywords: Social media, Saudi Arabia, females, data screenin

The electronic management applications in Algerian public institutions The National Center for Commercial Register as a Model

This study aims to highlight the implementation of electronic administration within the Algerian public institutions, following a significant period of Algeria’s adoption of the electronic administration project. The latter leads to the embedment of information and communication technologies into the electronic practices, in the dealings of several local administrations with the citizens, and replaces the old applications with modern ones. The case study for this research is the National Center for Commercial Register. The most important findings of this topic are: the Algerian administration has accomplished a significant milestone in transforming into "zero paper administration" thanks to the well-planned governmental program involving the modernization and digitization of several public sectors and administrations. In this respect, the National Center for Commercial Register administration has also followed this new path through the adoption of the electronic administration applications, and this is via the creation of the electronic portal "Sidjilcom" and the implementation of the electronic commercial register model "E.C.R"

Epidemiološko istraživanje mastitisa u goveda i povezanih faktora rizika u okolici i gradu Eltarf u sjeveroistočnom Alžiru

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis, and to assess potential risk factors among lactating cows, both local and crossbreeds, in and around Eltarf town in northeast Algeria. A total of 324 lactating cows were included in the survey, examined for mastitis by clinical examination of the udder and teats and tested using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) to determine clinical and subclinical mastitis. Data was collected in a questionnaire during the farm visit. The overall prevalence was 41.66% (135/324), of which 9.80% (32/324) were clinical and 31.79% (103/324) subclinical cases. Out of 1296 quarters examined, the prevalence rate was 41.04% (532/1296), where 9.25% (120/1296) were clinical and 31.79% (412/1296) subclinical aspects of mastitis. Right Hind teats (RH) showed the highest rate of inflammation (51.54%), followed by the Left Hind (LH) teat in second place (44.44%), Right front quarter (RF; 36.11%) and lastly Left Front (LF; 32.09%). The relationships of risk factors with mastitis status were determined using Chi-square analysis, associations between mastitis and the independent variables, including parity and hygienic condition of the udder, teat and housing of cows were statistically significant (P0.05). This study indicated that mastitis is a prevalent disease and a serious problem across herds in and around the Eltarf district in Algeria. Further detailed epidemiological, microbiological, and economic analysis studies are required at the national level to tailor existing control and prevention strategies. Regular surveillance measures are recommended.Istraživanje je provedeno da bi se ustvrdila prevalencija i procijenili potencijalni čimbenici rizika za mastitis u krava u laktaciji u gradu Eltarf i njegovoj okolici, u sjeveroistočnom Alžiru u križanih i lokalnih pasmina krava. Tri stotine i dvadeset četiri krava u laktaciji bile su uključeno u istraživanje mastitisa kliničkim pregledom vimena i sisa i testirano uporabom kalifornijskog mastitis testa (CMT) kako bi se ustvrdio klinički i supklinički oblik mastitisa. Anketa za prikupljanje podataka prikupljena je tijekom posjete farmi. Ukupni postotak prevalencije na razini krave iznosio je 41,66 % (135/324), od čega su 9,80 % (32/324) bili klinički i 31,79 % (103/324) supklinički oblici mastiitisa. Od ukupno 1296 pregledanih četvrti, postotak prevalencije iznosio je 41,04 % (532/1296), od čega su 9,25 % (120/1296) bili klinički, a 31,79 % (412/1296) supklinički oblici mastitisa. Najveći postotak infekcije (51,54 %) zabilježen je u desnoj stražnjoj četvrti vimena (RH), zatim u lijevoj zadnjoj četvrti (LH) (44,44 %), potom u prednjoj desnoj četvrti (RF) (36,11 %), a najmanji postotak infekcije je zabilježen u lijevoj prednjoj četvrti vimena (LF) (32,09 %). Povezanost čimbenika rizika s pojavnosti mastitisa ustvrđena je primjenom Chi-kvadrat analize, povezanosti između neovisne varijable, uključujući paritet i higijensko stanje vimena i sisa te smještaja krava s mastitisom, bili su statistički značajni (P0,05). Ova studija pokazala je da je mastitis rasprostranjena bolest i ozbiljan problem u mnogim stada u gradu Eltarf i njegovoj okolici u sjeveroistočnom Alžiru. Nužne su daljnje detaljne epidemiološke, mikrobiološke i ekonomske analize na razini cijele države da bi se prilagodila postojeća strategija kontrole i prevencije mastitisa te se preporučuju redovite mjere njegovog nadzora

Numerical study of TRIP transformation in 35NCD16 steel-effects of plate orientation and some criteria

This study aims to analyze the effect of thermo mechanical coupling damage in the presence of a phase change (austenite/martensite) in 35NCD16 steel. The impact of increasing mechanical traction load, accompanied by a martensitic transformation on the scale of a single grain with boundary has been studied. The prediction transformation of induced plasticity (TRIP) was evaluated by taking into account the following parameters: twenty shear directions of the martensitic plates, two values of the shear deformation of the martensitic plates, energetic and thermodynamics criteria for getting in order the transformation of the martensitic plates, elastoplastic behavior of the two areas in the first case (martensitic plate and grain boundary) and elastic behavior for the grain boundary in the second case. The numerical calculation is carried out using the finite element method (FEM), implemented in the Zebulon calculation code. The developed approach is validated using the available experimental results reported in the literature. The numerical results showed that the estimation of TRIP given by the energetics criteria with the values of the shear deformation (γ0 = 0.16) are closer to the experiment results

Effect of Gaseous carburizing thermochemical treatment on tribological behavior of Ti–6Al–4V alloy

This study, concerns the improvement of the hardness and resistance to wear of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy surface by means of thermochemical treatment, for obtaining coatings on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy gives performance of resistance to wear phenomena. Three-thermochemical treatment time (2h, 4h, and 6h) was chosen for investigation of the effect of such treatment on this alloy. The hardness test under an indentation load of 50 gf with a Vickers pyramidal indenter revealed that the surface hardness is 335 Hv for the untreated samples. On the other hand the hardness reaches approximately 1500 Hv during gas cementation at 930 °C for variable times (2h, 4h, 6h) followed by quenching at 840 °C in an oil medium, which was accompanied by a significant improvement in wear resistance. The characterization of the modified surface layers was made by means of a microscopic analysis and by X-ray diffraction. The case-hardening made it possible to obtain a wear resistance greater than that of the alloy not treated, minimal loss of mass by dry friction and an improvement in roughness as well as a good coefficient of friction

The Effect of Circular and Stationary Training Methods on Improving Speed-characterized Power and Some Basic Skills for Football Players

    تكمن مشكلة البحث في أن هناك أساليب تدريبية علمية يمكن ان نستخدمها في مجال تدريبات كرة القدم ومن هذه الأساليب هي التدريب الدائري والمحطات ,اذ ان بعض المدربين يغفل أهمية وأفضلية التدريب بين هذين الأسلوبين لتطوير القوة المميزة بالسرعة وبعض المهارات الأساسية بكرة القدم، وأن هذا الإغفال قد يؤثر سلبا على مستوياتهم في اللعب، وتمثلت أهداف البحث بما يأتي:  1.التعرف على أثر التدريب بأسلوبي التدريب الدائري وأسلوب المحطات في تطوير القوة المميزة بالسرعة وبعض المهارات الأساسية للاعبي كرة القدم. التعرف على أفضلية تأثير التدريب بين الأسلوبين (الدائري والمحطات) في تطوير القوة المميزة بالسرعة وبعض المهارات الأساسية للاعبي كرة القدم.    استخدم الباحثون المنهج التجريبي وتحدد مجتمع البحث بلاعبي المركز الوطني لرعاية الموهوبين للموسم التدريبي 2021 ممن هم بأعمار 14 -15 سنة، والبالغ عددهم (32) لاعبا وتم اختيار عينة البحث والبالغ عددهم 24 لاعبا. تم تقسيم العينة إلى مجموعتين تجريبيتين: (الأولى تستخدم أسلوب التدريب الدائري والثانية تستخدم أسلوب المحطات) بالتساوي لكل مجموعة (12) لاعبا. وأجريت الاختبارات المهارية بكرة القدم لقياس (الاستلام والتمرير – الدحرجة – دقة التهديف) والاختبارات البدنية لقياس القوة المميزة بالسرعة (للرجلين والذراعين والجذع), وبعد معالجة البيانات احصائيا عبر استخدام اختبار (test -t) للمجاميع المتناظرة والمستقلة في الاختبارات المهارية والبدنية. خرج الباحثون بأهم الاستنتاجات نذكر بعضها: 1-إن مجموعة أسلوب التدريب الدائري حققت تطور اكثر من مجموعة أسلوب التدريب بالمحطات في الاختبارات المهارية (الاستلام والتمرير- دقة التهديف) 2-إن مجموعة أسلوب التدريب بالمحطات حققت تطور اكثر من مجموعة أسلوب الدائري في اختبارات القوة المميزة بالسرعة (للرجلين والذراعين والجذع) وعلى ضوء الاستنتاجات جاءت التوصيات كالآتي: ضرورة استخدام أسلوب التدريب الدائري لتطوير الجانب المهاري. ضرورة استخدام أسلوب التدريب بالمحطات لتطوير القوة الميزة بالسرعة.     The problem of the research is that there are scientific training methods that we can use in the field of football training, and these methods are circular training and stations, as some coaches neglect the importance and preference of training between these two methods to develop strength characterized by speed and some basic skills in football, and this omission may Negatively affects their levels of play, and the research objectives were.   The research goals are:: 1-Identifying the effect of using the circular training method and the stations training method on improving speed power and some basic football skills 2- Identifying the best of training impact between (circular and stations training methods) on the above characteristic and skills     The researchers used the experimental method.The Research population consisted of (32) players aged 14-15 from the national center for nurturing rising talents in the preseason of 2021, then the research sample was picked consisting of (24) players. The sample was later divided into two experimental groups with (12) players each: the first group used the circular training method and the second used the stations method, football skills tests were conducted to measure (receiving and passing – dribbling – shooting accuracy) in addition to physical tests to measure (legs – arms – torso).so the conclusions, are mentioned: 1-The group that used the circular training method improved more than the group that used the stations training method in the skills tests (receiving and passing –shooting accuracy).   2-The group that used the stations training method improved more than the group that used the circular training in the speed power tests (legs – arms – torso).       In light of the conclusions, the recommendations are as follows:                   -The necessity to use circular training method to improve the skills.1 2 -The necessity to use stations training method to improve the speed powe