The Effect of Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A Review of Literature

Introduction: Chronic periodontitis is the most common periodontal disease which is related to the chronic accumulation of bacterial plaque. Since mechanical methods are not sufficient in the treatment of this disease, administration of local/systemic antibiotic is recommended following mechanical debridement. However, side effects of antibiotics such as microbial resistance and patient allergy led to development of alternative methods. One of these suggested methods is the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). PDT is a local noninvasive treatment modality without the side effects caused by antibiotics. The aim of this study was to review the articles related to the application of PDT with laser in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.Review of literature: In the present review of literature, the authors used key words such as Chronic Periodontitis, Laser and Photodynamic therapy, and conducted a literature search via Google Scholar and PubMed for the period of 1990 to 2015. A total of 47 articles in English were found. The articles that were not associated with the topic of research and review articles were deleted and only clinical trials were evaluated. After reviewing 23 articles’ abstracts, the full texts of 16 articles were analyzed.Conclusion: Considering the safety, the lack of side effects and general advantages like more patient compliance, the PDT treatment with SRP is recommended as an efficient adjunctive modality for the treatment of localized chronic periodontitis especially during the maintenance phase in non-surgical treatment

Unraveling compensation between electron transfer and strain in Ni-Ag-MoS2 photocatalyst

Despite the boom in catalytic response via constructing interfaces, understanding interfaces’ interaction in heterostructures is still a paradox. In this work, the interaction of Ni with MoS2 in Ni-Ag-MoS2 heterostructure are unveiled through synchrotron X-PEEM and what\u27s more, the missing interaction mechanism at the Ag-MoS2 interface is probed via Raman mapping. The observed competition between the downshift of the E2g1 and A1g modes due to charge carrier injection and the upshift of the E2g1 and A1g modes due to compressive strain during reverse laser power experiment is assigned to the non-uniform growth of Ag nanoparticles, their intimate contact with MoS2, and Ag intercalated layered MoS2. The substantial improvement of the H2 yield of the Ni-Ag-MoS2 (∼55 μmol h−1 g−1) over the pristine MoS2 and the binary Ag-MoS2 evidence successful bonding of Ni, Ag and MoS2. This study highlights the importance of considering both electronic coupling and strain to optically tune electromechanical properties of MoS2

Explaining the Evidence-Based Policy in Educating and Promoting Students’ Health: A Narrative Review

Evidence-based policymaking is a type of policy based on valid, timely, and appropriate evidence. This study aimed to explain the evidence-based policy in education and health promotion to students.The method of the present research was a narrative review. The statistical population included 114 Persian and English articles published between 2010 and 2022 which were indexed in ERIC, ScienceDirect, Sage, SID, Irandoc, Magiran, and Medline databases. The search was done using evidence-based policy, health education evidence, health promotion, health education policy, educational policy and health key words. The search was conducted using the SPIDER framework due to the speciality of the subject being studied. Using Downs and Black checklist for quality assessment, the final research sample included 20 references selected through screening. Thematic analysis was used to codify the texts using the Sternberg method. We extracted 59 concepts and six themes based on coding of the findings. Evidence-based policymaking in educating and promoting student health can be categorized into six themes: the necessity for evidence-based policymaking, the characteristics of evidence-based policymaking, the prerequisites of evidence-based policymaking, the impetus for evidence-based policymaking, the barriers to evidence-based policymaking, and the consequences of evidence-based policymaking. Application of evidence-based policymaking in educating and promoting students’ health, based on global trends, technologies and strategies can lead to efficient education and health promotion policies. This study provided useful, practical guidelines such as filling the theoretical gap, ensuring clarity and motivation, influencing political decisions, and building trust among researchers, the scientific community, and other policy stakeholders to use evidence-based policymaking effectively in students’ health promotio

Spectromicroscopic determinations of chemical environments of Ni in MoS2-Ag-Ni ternary systems

Using heterogeneous photocatalysts for harvesting sunlight and converting it for water remediation and splitting are promising to mitigate the possible crisis of environment and energy. Among various composites, the MoS2-based heterostructures and Ni-based systems exhibit unique electronic, optical properties and redox capabilities, enabling their roles as photocatalysts. Herein, the impacts of chemical environments on the Ni electronic structures within the MoS2-Ag-Ni ternary systems are studied via X-ray photoemission electron spectroscopy (X-PEEM). Ni nanoparticles with two different sizes of 70 and 200 nm were loaded to MoS2 flakes with silver buffers as bridges. Heterostructures with a nominal mol percentage of (MoS2)77Ag3.7Ni19.3 were synthesized through an ultrasound-assisted wet method. The oxidation states and various interfacial interactions of Ni with MoS2 in MoS2-Ag-Ni ternary composite are spectromicroscopically determined, combining the X-ray absorption spectroscopy near Ni L-edges and the imaging capability of the X-PEEM. Results showed that Ni mainly retrains its chemical states of metal and native oxidizations without observable electronic features subjected to bonding with the sulfur from the MoS2 flakes. The charge migration channel set up by the Ag buffer thus contributes to electron–hole migrations that facilitate the photocatalytic performance of the ternary system eventually

Three new species of the genus Choeras Mason, 1981 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Iran

Abdoli, Parisa, Talebi, Ali Asghar, Farahani, Samira, Fernandez-Triana, Jose (2019): Three new species of the genus Choeras Mason, 1981 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Iran. Zootaxa 4545 (1): 77-92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4545.1.

Correct original spelling of Venanides caspicus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Abdoli, Parisa, Talebi, Ali Asghar, Farahani, Samira, Fernandez-Triana, Jose (2020): Correct original spelling of Venanides caspicus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 60 (1): 390, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2020.02

Studying the Expression of SNX2 (Sorting nexin-2) in Patients with RRMS Compared with Health Control

Abstract Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder described by central nervous system (CNS) demyelination and axonal damage. While the cause of MS is still unknown, it is extensively accepted that novel drug targets need to attention. Retromers are protein complex that have an essential role in endosomal trafficking, and retromer dysfunction has been associated to several neurological disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the expression of SNX2 gene as a part of retromer complex in MS patients with health individuals. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 50 samples of cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) and 50 healthy controls were enrolled. Followed verifying disease, 3cc peripheral blood was given from all subjects. Total RNA was extracted and complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized. The relative gene expression was determined using quantitative real-time RT PCR (qRT-PCR) and evaluated by 2^(-∆∆ct) method. Results: The expression of SNX2 gene was lower in MS patients compared with healthy controls and it was statistically significant (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed that the expression of SNX2 is lower in multiple sclerosis disorder. Considering the functional role of SNX2 as a protein involved in trafficking process, SNX2 may affect receptor function or drug targeting. Therefore, supplementary studies should be done to elucidate the exact mechanism of action of the gene in cellular trafficking

FIGURE 2. a. Measuring method for T1 in Three new species of the genus Choeras Mason, 1981 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Iran

FIGURE 2. a. Measuring method for T1 length and ovipositor sheath, b. Fore wing venation

Anti-cancer effects of Bifidobacterium species in colon cancer cells and a mouse model of carcinogenesis.

INTRODUCTION:Probiotics are suggested to prevent colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate the anticancer properties of some potential probiotics in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Anticancer effects of the following potential probiotic groups were investigated in LS174T cancer cells compared to IEC-18 normal cells. 1. a single strain of Bifidobacterium. breve, 2. a single strain of Lactobacillus. reuteri, 3. a cocktail of 5 strains of Lactobacilli (LC), 4. a cocktail of 5 strains of Bifidobacteria (BC), 5. a cocktail of 10 strains from Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (L+B). Apoptosis rate, EGFR, HER-2 and PTGS-2 (COX-2 protein) expression levels were assessed as metrics of evaluating anticancer properties. Effect of BC, as the most effective group in vitro, was further assessed in mice models. RESULTS:BC induced ~21% and only ~3% apoptosis among LS174T and IEC-18 cells respectively. BC decreased the expression of EGFR by 4.4 folds, HER-2 by 6.7 folds, and PTGS-2 by 20 folds among the LS174T cells. In all these cases, BC did not interfere significantly with the expression of the genes in IEC-18 cells. This cocktail has caused only 1.1 folds decrease, 1.8 folds increase and 1.7 folds decrease in EGFR, HER-2 and PTGS-2 expression, respectively. Western blot analysis confirmed these results in the protein level. BC significantly ameliorated the disease activity index, restored colon length, inhibited the increase in incidence and progress of tumors to higher stages and grades. CONCLUSIONS:BC was the most efficient treatment in this study. It had considerable "protective" anti-cancer properties and concomitantly down regulated EGFR, HER-2 and PTGS-2 (COX-2), while having significant anti-CRC effects on CRC mice models. In general, this potential probiotic could be considered as a suitable nutritional supplement to treat and prevent CRC

Correction: Anti-cancer effects of Bifidobacterium species in colon cancer cells and a mouse model of carcinogenesis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232930.]