4 research outputs found

    Modelado de trombectom铆a por aspiraci贸n en vasos sangu铆neos de peque帽o di谩metro : aplicaci贸n a la mejora de la geometr铆a del cat茅ter y de las condiciones de la intervenci贸n

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    Las enfermedades del sistema circulatorio suponen una partida considerable en los sistemas de salud y presupuestos estatales. De hecho, en los 煤ltimos a帽os m谩s de dos millones de personas al a帽o fallecen por enfermedades cardiovasculares en la Uni贸n Europea (EU-28) lo que supone m谩s del 37% de todas las muertes. Dentro de estas enfermedades, el tromboembolismo (obstrucci贸n total o parcial de un vaso sangu铆neo) cobra especial importancia, existiendo diversos tratamientos para la extracci贸n o eliminaci贸n del trombo. En el caso particular del tromboembolismo cerebral, en concreto en el denominado Pol铆gono de Willis, la intervenci贸n quir煤rgica con medios mec谩nicos ha demostrado ser efectiva en pacientes, si bien, la t茅cnica usada en la extracci贸n del trombo est谩 en constante evoluci贸n. Debido al peque帽o tama帽o de las arterias cerebrales, as铆 como a los peque帽os radios de curvatura, las soluciones que se aplican con 茅xito en otros vasos sangu铆neos de mayor di谩metro no son utilizables en este caso debido a la existencia de piezas r铆gidas o mecanismos m贸viles que pueden causar da帽o potencial en las arterias durante la maniobra, adem谩s de la dificultad existente en el guiado. En este aspecto, la trombectom铆a por aspiraci贸n se est谩 asentando como soluci贸n fiable y segura frente a dispositivos mec谩nicos debido a sus altas tasas de recanalizaci贸n. Con el fin de analizar y proponer mejoras potenciales tanto a la intervenci贸n m茅dica como a los dispositivos usados (cat茅ter de aspiraci贸n), as铆 como para evaluar el da帽o potencial en las arterias afectadas, se han realizado una serie de modelos virtuales que buscan predecir el comportamiento del trombo y de su entorno durante la intervenci贸n m茅dica. As铆, se considera esencial evaluar y definir c贸mo se realiza la extracci贸n y eliminaci贸n del trombo para buscar una intervenci贸n exitosa. Las herramientas de simulaci贸n existentes permiten realizar el modelado del sistema en etapas sucesivas, validando el comportamiento del sistema en cada uno de los dominios f铆sicos en que se enmarca el problema: dominio fluido (sistema de aspiraci贸n) y dominio mec谩nico (arteria y trombo). Tras la realizaci贸n de una serie de ensayos virtuales, apoyados en herramientas de optimizaci贸n, se han conseguido proponer una serie de par谩metros potencialmente eficientes y seguros para su uso por el neurointervencionista. De igual manera, se proponen una serie de geometr铆as del cat茅ter de aspiraci贸n que, independientemente de las condiciones de aspiraci贸n y de las propiedades del trombo (que pueden variar en amplios rangos), consiguen mejorar potencialmente los resultados de recanalizaci贸n. Los ensayos f铆sicos realizados con prototipos a escala permiten validar cualitativamente y visualmente el comportamiento previsto en los modelos virtuales. ----------ABSTRACT---------- Diseases of the circulatory system place a considerable burden on healthcare systems and government budgets. In fact, in recent years more than two million people per year die from cardiovascular diseases in the European Union (EU-28), which accounts for more than 37% of all deaths. Within these diseases, thromboembolism (total or partial occlusion of a blood vessel) becomes especially important, with various treatments for the removal of the blood clot. In the case of cerebral thromboembolism, specifically in the so-called Circle of Willis, surgical intervention with mechanical devices has proven to be effective in patients, although the technique used in clot removal is constantly evolving. Due to the small size of the cerebral arteries, as well as the small radii of curvature, the solutions that are successfully applied in other blood vessels of greater diameter are not usable in this case due to the existence of rigid parts or mobile mechanisms that can cause potential damage to the arteries during the maneuver, in addition to the difficulty in guiding towards the affected area. In this regard, aspiration thrombectomy is becoming a reliable and safe solution against mechanical devices due to its high recanalization rates. In order to analyze and propose potential improvements to both the medical intervention and the devices used (aspiration catheter), as well as to assess the potential damage in the affected arteries, a series of virtual models have been made that seek to predict the behavior of the thrombus and its surroundings during medical intervention. Thus, it is considered essential to evaluate and define how the thrombus is removed and removed to seek a successful intervention. The existing simulation tools allow modeling of the system in successive stages, validating the behavior of the system in each of the physical domains in which the problem is framed: fluid domain (aspiration system) and mechanical domain (artery and thrombus). After conducting a series of virtual tests, supported by optimization tools, a series of potentially efficient and safe parameters have been proposed for use by the neurointerventionist. In the same way, a series of geometries of the aspiration catheter are proposed, which, independently of the aspiration conditions and the properties of the thrombus (which can vary in wide ranges), potentially improve the recanalization results. Physical tests carried out with scale prototypes allow qualitatively and visually validate the expected behavior predicted in virtual models

    Impresi贸n 3D: Revolucionando la fabricaci贸n

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    Los componentes obtenidos por m茅todos de fabricaci贸n tradicional (arranque de material, conformado por deformaci贸n o moldeo) han necesitado de modelos f铆sicos para su validaci贸n. Las t茅cnicas de prototipado r谩pido que se basaron en deposici贸n de material (impresi贸n 3D) y que supusieron una alternativa a estos m茅todos tradicionales, han dado lugar a tecnolog铆as no s贸lo v谩lidas para dicho prototipado, sino con capacidad de producci贸n de pieza final tanto singular, como de series de considerable volumen. La tecnolog铆a que comenz贸 en la industria con el uso de pl谩sticos, est谩 en constante evoluci贸n permitiendo hoy d铆a el uso desde el metal hasta el hormig贸n, pasando por los pol铆meros al alcance de usuarios particulares. Esto hace posible su expansi贸n a 谩mbitos o industrias de todo tipo (automoci贸n, aeroespacial, m茅dica, civil, etc.), llegando hasta el uso dom茅stico. De la mano de la tecnolog铆a de fabricaci贸n van las capacidades de dise帽o y predicci贸n de comportamiento mediante maquetas virtuales que hacen las veces de modelos de validaci贸n.Sin financiaci贸nNo data 2020UE

    Computational Prediction and Experimental Values of Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Cement

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    The main objective of this study is to create a rigorous computer model of carbon nanotube composites to predict their mechanical properties before they are manufactured and to reduce the number of physical tests. A detailed comparison between experimental and computational results of a cement-based composite is made to match data and find the most significant parameters. It is also shown how the properties of the nanotubes (Young鈥檚 modulus, aspect ratio, quantity, directionality, clustering) and the cement (Young鈥檚 modulus) affect the composite properties. This paper tries to focus on the problem of modeling carbon nanotube composites computationally, and further study proposals are given.Sin financiaci贸n5.076 JCR (2020) Q1, 35/160 Physics, Applied0.919 SJR (2020) Q1, 49/394 Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous)No data IDR 2020UE

    Interfacial Shear Strength of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes-Cement Composites from Molecular Dynamics and Finite Element Studies

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    Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are nanometer-sized structures that can be used to reinforce cement matrices. The extent to which the mechanical properties are improved depends on the interfacial characteristics of the resulting materials, that is, on the interactions established between the CNTs and the cement. The experimental characterization of these interfaces is still impeded by technical limitations. The use of simulation methods has a great potential to give information about systems lacking experimental information. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) and molecular mechanics (MM) were used in conjunction with finite element simulations to study the interfacial shear strength (ISS) of a structure formed by a pristine single-walled CNT (SWCNT) inserted in a tobermorite crystal. The results show that, for a constant SWCNT length, ISS values increase when the SWCNT radius increases, while for a constant SWCNT radius, shorter lengths enhance ISS values.Sin financiaci贸n3.748 Q2 JCR 20210.604 Q2 SJR 2021No data IDR 2021UE
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