Spray Deposited Nanocrystalline ZnO Transparent Electrodes: Role of Precursor Solvent

Nanocrystalline ZnO thin films were deposited by intermittent spray pyrolysis using different alcoholic and aqua-alcoholic precursor solvents. The XRD analysis reveals the polycrystallinity of hexagonal wurtzite type ZnO films with preferred c-axis orientation along [002] direction. The polycrystallinity increased due to use of aqua-alcoholic precursor solvent. The crystallite size was found to vary from 41.7 nm to 59.4 nm and blue shift in band-gap energy (3.225 eV to 3.255 eV) was observed due to aqua-alcoholic to alcoholic precursor solvent transition. The films deposited using alcoholic precursor solvent exhibited high transmittance (> 92 %) with low dark resistivity (10 – 3 Ω·cm) as compared to aqua-alcoholic precursor solvent. The effect of precursor solvent on resistivity, carrier concentration (η – /cm3), carrier mobility (μ – cm2V – 1s – 1), sheet resistance (Ω/) and figure of merit (ΦTC) is also reported. We recommend ethanol or methanol as a superior precursor solvent over aqua-alcoholic precursor solvent for deposition of device quality ZnO thin films

Annexes of fourth year evaluation of the IDRC / CIDA co-financed BAIF Research Foundation Rural Research Project

Contents: Fourth year evaluation of women in development aspects; Fourth year evaluation of information aspects; Fourth year evaluation of animal science aspects; Fourth year evaluation of training aspect

[2-(2-Chloro­phen­yl)-2-hy­droxy­eth­yl](isoprop­yl)ammonium 4-hy­droxy­benzoate

The title molecular salt, C11H17ClNO+·C7H5O3 −, was obtained by the reaction of racemic clorprenaline and 4-hy­droxy­benzoic acid. In the crystal, the components are connected by O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network

Rural Knowledge Centers: Partners in Promoting a New ODL Paradigm

It is called a Rural Knowledge Center (RKC), Village Information Center (VIC) or a Community Learning and Information Center (CLIC). It is a new institution in the Indian rural milieu. It is a one-stop center of the village where community members can be assisted with information ranging from how to manage pod borer infestation in their pigeonpea crop to what are the government schemes currently in operation his/her village. These are increasingly seen as vehicles of capacity building and educational change in rural India. Home to nearly 65% of the countr

N-[2-(2-Chloro­phen­yl)-2-hy­droxy­eth­yl]propan-2-aminium 4-methyl­benzoate

The title compound, C11H17ClNO+·C8H7O2 −, was obtained by the reaction of chlorprenaline {or 1-(2-chloro­phen­yl)-2-[(1-methyl­eth­yl)amino]­ethanol} and p-toluic acid. The chlorpren­aline is twisted moderately with a C—C—C—C torsion angle of 109.6 (2)°. The two mol­ecules are linked by classical O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Further N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link two of these units into dimers

Frontal fibrosing alopecia in men: an association with leave-on facial cosmetics and sunscreens

SCOPUS: le.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Treatment of post-traumatic degenerative changes of the radio-carpal and distal radio-ulnar joints by combining radius, scaphoid, and lunate (RSL) fusion with ulnar head replacement

Distal radial fractures are a common type of fracture. In the case of intra-articular fractures, they often result in post-traumatic arthrosis. The objective of this study is to describe a novel alternative to the established salvage techniques for the treatment of post-traumatic arthrosis of the radio-carpal and distal radio-ulnar joints (DRUJ). Six patients with radio-carpal and DRUJ arthrosis were treated with a combined radius, scaphoid, and lunate (RSL) arthrodesis and as a Herbert ulnar head prosthesis. Follow-up consisted of both radiographic and functional assessments. Functional measurements were noted both pre- and postoperatively. No non-union or pseudoarthrosis was seen; neither did any of the ulnar head prostheses show loosening. Clinical examination showed an improvement in strength, pain, and range of movement, as well as a decrease in disability. Combining RSL arthrodesis with a Herbert ulnar head prosthesis, which deals with pain while retaining partial wrist movement, can be an alternative to established salvage procedures