ネツカンキョウ ト フウキョウ カイセキ ニ モトヅク ダイガク キャンパス ノ カンキョウヒョウカ ト カンキョウ ケイカク ヘ ノ オウヨウ

本研究は，熱環境および風環境からみた環境計画手法の確立を目指し，東京農業大学世田谷キャンパスをケーススタディとして，夏季の気象観測から冷涼な緑地を明らかにし，さらに3次元GIS及びCFDによる風のシミュレーションを行うことで風の道を可視化し，熱環境および風環境の面から緑地環境を評価するとともに，世田谷キャンパスの環境評価と環境計画への応用を試みた。その結果，次のことが明らかになった。1）夏季日中に馬事公苑をはじめケヤキ並木やキャンパス内のメタセコイヤの樹林地が約2～3℃の冷涼な緑地であること。2）夏季日中の南風を正門の樹木群が緩和していること。ケヤキ並木からの南風がキャンパス内にもたらされていないと推察されたこと。3）冬季日中の北北西の風が18号館から剥離しキャンパス内で強風となること。4）新研究棟等のキャンパス再整備後，夏季日中の南風が新研究棟から剥離した強い風となること。冬季日中の北北西の風が新研究棟北側で強まること。5）熱環境および風環境解析に基づく新たな環境計画案を評価できることを実証した。本研究で扱ったリモートセンシングによる熱環境のシミュレーション，並びにCFDによる風環境のシミュレーションは，環境科学的アプローチによる環境計画手法を向上させるとともに，意思決定，合意形成のツールとして有用であるといえる。This study aims to demonstrate how simulated thermal and wind dynamics can be integrated into urban environmental planning. Three dimensional GIS and CFD simulations were employed to investigate the effects of green space and wind flows on urban cooling, using a plan of Setagaya campus of TUA as a case study. We evaluated the current configuration of the campus in relation to its thermal environment and wind conditions and showed that 1) summer daytime temperatures in a green space area for Bajikouen, an avenue of Zelkova and a grove of Metasequoia were 2-3 degrees Celsius lower than urban areas within the campus ; 2) trees near the main gate help mitigate southerly wind speeds, and a campus building along Setagaya Street shelters the Bajikouen area and the Zalkova avenue from the same southerly wind ; 3) north-westerly winds are split after striking building No. 18, resulting in high winter daytime wind speeds ; 4) split wind flows from the south, striking a newly constructed research building, resulted in high summer daytime winds. Finally we evaluated proposed campus redevelopment plans on the basis of thermal and wind dynamics, demonstrating how the simulation of the thermal environment from remotely sensed data and of wind dynamics through CFD can improve environmental planning in urban areas to the benefit of civil society

Downloaded on June 23, 2014. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. More information at www.jci.org/articles/view/113625 Desialation of Transferrin by Rat Liver Endothelium

To examine the role of liver endothelium in desialation of transferrin (TF), pulse-chase studies were done by incubation of either 3H (sialic acid labeled)-, or 125I, or 59Fe (protein core labeled)-TF with fractionated liver endothelium. While 1251 or 59Fe labels were externalized after initial binding and internalization, a large proportion of 3H label was internalized and remained within the cell. When the supernatant of these experiments was studied by isoelectricfocusing and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA120) affinity chromatography, generation of asialotransferrin was noted by both techniques. Incubation of liver endothelium with double-labeled TF (sialic acids with 3H and protein core with 1251 or 59Fe) led initially to a concordant uptake of the two labels, which were then dissociated and 3H was retained by the cell. These findings indicate desialation of TF by liver endothelium. The significance of these findings in the pathogenesis of hepatic siderosis is discussed

Resonant Combustion Start Considering Potential Energy of Free-Piston Engine Generator

Free-piston engine generators without a crank mechanism are expected to be used in series hybrid vehicles because of their lower losses. The series hybrid system requires a low starting thrust because the engine frequently starts depending on the battery state. This study clarifies the effectiveness of the constant thrust resonance starting method that utilizes the compression pressure of the engine and the spring thrust. The piston must pass the combustion starting point with a predetermined speed to start combustion. Herein, we present a thrust setting method that uses the energy state diagram to optimize the velocity at the combustion start point. A simulation is performed assuming output when mounted on a vehicle. Consequently, the simulation results show that the maximum thrust can be reduced by more than 90% compared to that without resonance. Moreover, the speed at the combustion start point is in agreement with the value obtained using an energy state diagram. An impulse-like combustion pressure is generated in 180 ms, and combustion can be started using resonance, as shown in an experiment using a small-output engine and linear motor. The effectiveness of the constant thrust resonance starting method was confirmed

Methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder complicated by severe acute respiratory failure and ileal perforation:a case report

Lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) is a potentially severe adverse effect of methotrexate (MTX) administration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We report a case of MTX-associated LPD (MTX-LPD) in a patient with RA who developed severe pulmonary failure complicated by perforation of the terminal ileum. A 61-year-old woman with RA receiving MTX complained of dyspnea and abdominal pain. She was diagnosed with intestinal perforation and peritonitis, and underwent immediate abdominal surgery. Pathological examinations of the specimen obtained from the resected ileum and a bone marrow aspirate revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Steroid therapy failed to improve her respiratory failure, but her condition improved after abdominal surgery and suspension of MTX. MTX-LPD can result in multiple life-threatening conditions; however, the symptoms are highly variable. RA patients receiving MTX should thus be monitored carefully, and MTX administration should be stopped immediately on suspicion of MTX-LPD

Synthesis of multi-lactose-appended β-cyclodextrin and its cholesterol-lowering effects in Niemann–Pick type C disease-like HepG2 cells

Niemann–Pick type C (NPC) disease, characterized by intracellular accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and other lipids owing to defects in two proteins NPC1 and NPC2, causes neurodegeneration and other fatal neurovisceral symptoms. Currently, treatment of NPC involves the use of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). HP-β-CD is effective in the treatment of hepatosplenomegaly in NPC disease, albeit at a very high dose. One of the methods to reduce the required dose of HP-β-CD for treatment of NPC is to actively targeting hepatocytes with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The aim of the present study was to synthesize a novel multi-lactose-appended β-CD (multi-Lac-β-CD) and to evaluate its cholesterol-lowering effect in U18666A-treated HepG2 (NPC-like HepG2) cells. Further, the study aimed at delivering β-CD to hepatocytes via cholesterol-accumulated HepG2 cells, and indicated that the newly synthesized multi-Lac-β-CD had an average degree of substitution of lactose (DSL) of 5.6. This newly synthesized multi-Lac-β-CD was found to significantly decrease the concentration of intracellular cholesterol with negligible cytotoxicity as compared to HP-β-CD. An increased internalization of TRITC-multi-Lac-β-CD (DSL 5.6) as compared to TRITC-HP-β-CD was observed in NPC-like HepG2 cells. Further, the dissociation constant of peanut lectin with multi-Lac-β-CD (DSL5.6) was found to be extremely low (2.5 × 10−8 M). These results indicate that multi-Lac-β-CD (DSL5.6) diminished intracellular cholesterol levels in NPC-like HepG2 cells via asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)-mediated endocytosis

Effectiveness and stability of silane coupling agent incorporated in 'universal' adhesives

OBJECTIVE: For bonding indirect restorations, some 'universal' adhesives incorporate a silane coupling agent to chemically bond to glass-rich ceramics so that a separate ceramic primer is claimed to be no longer needed. With this work, we investigated the effectiveness/stability of the silane coupling function of the silanecontaining experimentally prepared adhesives and Scotchbond Universal (3MESPE). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Experimental adhesives consisted of Scotchbond Universal and the silane-free Clearfil S3 ND Quick (Kuraray Noritake) mixed with Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator (Kuraray Noritake) and the two adhesives to which γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPTS) was added. Shear bond strength was measured onto silica-glass plates; the adhesive formulations were analyzed using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In addition, shear bond strength onto CAD-CAM composite blocks was measured without and after thermo-cycling ageing. RESULTS: A significantly higher bond strength was recorded when Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator was freshly mixed with the adhesive. Likewise, the experimental adhesives, to which γ-MPTS was added, revealed a significantly higher bond strength, but only when the adhesive was applied immediately after mixing; delayed application resulted in a significantly lower bond strength. FTIR and 13C NMR revealed hydrolysis and dehydration condensation to progress with the time after γ-MPTS was mixed with the two adhesives. After thermo-cycling, the bond strength onto CAD-CAM composite blocks remained stable only for the two adhesives with which Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator was mixed. SIGNIFICANCE: Only the silane coupling effect of freshly prepared silanecontaining adhesives was effective. Clinically, the use of a separate silane primer or silane freshly mixed with the adhesive remains recommended to bond glass-rich ceramics.publisher: Elsevier articletitle: Effectiveness and stability of silane coupling agent incorporated in ‘universal’ adhesives journaltitle: Dental Materials articlelink: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2016.07.002 content_type: article copyright: © 2016 The Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.status: publishe