61 research outputs found
Dimensional Reduction of the /WZW Duality
Recently proposed duality relates the critical level limit
of WZW models to a classical three-dimensional Einstein
gravity on a sphere. In this paper, we propose a dimensional reduced version of
this duality. The gravity side is reduced to a Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity
on with a non-standard boundary term, or a BF theory with gauge
symmetry. At least in low temperature limit, these two-dimensional gravity
theories completely capture the original three-dimensional gravity effect. The
CFT side is reduced to a certain complex Liouville quantum mechanics (LQM) with
gauge symmetry. Our proposal gives an interesting example of a
holography without boundary. We also discuss a higher-spin generalization with
gauge symmetry.Comment: 36 page
Topological pseudo entropy
We introduce a pseudo entropy extension of topological entanglement entropy
called topological pseudo entropy. Various examples of the topological pseudo
entropies are examined in three-dimensional Chern-Simons gauge theory with
Wilson loop insertions. Partition functions with knotted Wilson loops are
directly related to topological pseudo (R\'enyi) entropies. We also show that
the pseudo entropy in a certain setup is equivalent to the interface entropy in
two-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs), and leverage the equivalence
to calculate the pseudo entropies in particular examples. Furthermore, we
define a pseudo entropy extension of the left-right entanglement entropy in
two-dimensional boundary CFTs and derive a universal formula for a pair of
arbitrary boundary states. As a byproduct, we find that the topological
interface entropy for rational CFTs has a contribution identical to the
topological entanglement entropy on a torus.Comment: 45 pages, 20 figure
SVD Entanglement Entropy
In this paper, we introduce a new quantity called SVD entanglement entropy.
This is a generalization of entanglement entropy in that it depends on two
different states, as in pre- and post-selection processes. This SVD
entanglement entropy takes non-negative real values and is bounded by the
logarithm of the Hilbert space dimensions. The SVD entanglement entropy can be
interpreted as the average number of Bell pairs distillable from intermediates
states. We observe that the SVD entanglement entropy gets enhanced when the two
states are in the different quantum phases in an explicit example of the
transverse-field Ising model. Moreover, we calculate the R{\'e}nyi SVD entropy
in various field theories and examine holographic calculations using the
AdS/CFT correspondence.Comment: 42 pages, 23 figure
Complex saddles of Chern-Simons gravity and dS/CFT correspondence
We examine the black hole solutions of dS gravity by applying the
explicit dS/CFT correspondence. The gravity theory is described by
Chern-Simons theory with complex gauge group SL, and the
complexified theory is known to have too many saddle points. We determine the
set of ``allowable geometry'' from dual CFT correlators. Concretely, we
classify the possible complex solutions corresponding to dS black holes
from Liouville two-point functions. We extend the analysis to Liouville
multi-point functions and among others we study geometry corresponding to two
linked Wilson loops on by the monodromy matrix of Liouville four-point
function. Some parts of the results were presented in a previous letter but
here they are explained in more details and extended in various ways. In
particular, we generalize the results to the case with higher-spin gravity by
focusing the effects of higher-spin charges.Comment: 61 pages, 5 figure
Pseudoentropy in dS/CFT and Timelike Entanglement Entropy
擬エントロピーからの時間軸の創発 --ホログラフィック・エンタングルメントエントロピーの一般化. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-01-20.We study holographic entanglement entropy in dS/CFT and introduce timelike entanglement entropy in CFTs. Both of them take complex values in general and are related with each other via an analytical continuation. We argue that they are correctly understood as pseudoentropy. We find that the imaginary part of pseudoentropy implies an emergence of time in dS/CFT
Holographic Pseudo Entropy
We introduce a quantity, called pseudo entropy, as a generalization of
entanglement entropy via post-selection. In the AdS/CFT correspondence, this
quantity is dual to areas of minimal area surfaces in time-dependent Euclidean
spaces which are asymptotically AdS. We study its basic properties and
classifications in qubit systems. In specific examples, we provide a quantum
information theoretic meaning of this new quantity as an averaged number of
Bell pairs when the post-selection is performed. We also present properties of
the pseudo entropy for random states. We then calculate the pseudo entropy in
the presence of local operator excitations for both the two dimensional free
massless scalar CFT and two dimensional holographic CFTs. We find a general
property in CFTs that the pseudo entropy is highly reduced when the local
operators get closer to the boundary of the subsystem. We also compute the
holographic pseudo entropy for a Janus solution, dual to an exactly marginal
perturbation of a two dimensional CFT and find its agreement with a
perturbative calculation in the dual CFT. We show the linearity property holds
for holographic states, where the holographic pseudo entropy coincides with a
weak value of the area operator. Finally, we propose a mixed state
generalization of pseudo entropy and give its gravity dual.Comment: 92 pages, 25 figures; v3: discussion improved, comments adde
Involvement of resistin-like molecule β in the development of methionine-choline deficient diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice
Resistin-like molecule β (RELMβ) reportedly has multiple functions including local immune responses in the gut. In this study, we investigated the possible contribution of RELMβ to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development. First, RELMβ knock-out (KO) mice were shown to be resistant to methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH development. Since it was newly revealed that Kupffer cells in the liver express RELMβ and that RELMβ expression levels in the colon and the numbers of RELMβ-positive Kupffer cells were both increased in this model, we carried out further experiments using radiation chimeras between wild-type and RELMβ-KO mice to distinguish between the contributions of RELMβ in these two organs. These experiments revealed the requirement of RELMβ in both organs for full manifestation of NASH, while deletion of each one alone attenuated the development of NASH with reduced serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. The higher proportion of lactic acid bacteria in the gut microbiota of RELMβ-KO than in that of wild-type mice may be one of the mechanisms underlying the lower serum LPS level the former. These data suggest the contribution of increases in RELMβ in the gut and Kupffer cells to NASH development, raising the possibility of RELMβ being a novel therapeutic target for NASH
Infective endocarditis caused by Salmonella enteritidis in a dialysis patient: a case report and literature review
BackgroundInfective endocarditis is significantly more common in haemodialysis patients as compared with the general population, the causative pathogen is generally Staphylococcus aureus; there have been no previously reported cases of infective endocarditis caused by a Salmonella species in haemodialysis patients.Case presentationWe report the case of a 68 year-old woman on haemodialysis who developed infective endocarditis as a result of Salmonella enteritidis. Although we treated the patient with ceftriaxone combined with ciprofloxacin, infective endocarditis was not detected early enough and unfortunately developed into cerebral septic emboli, which ultimately resulted in death.ConclusionAlthough there are several reports that Salmonella endocarditis without cardiac failure can be successfully treated with antibiotics alone, early surgical intervention is essential for some cases to prevent life-threatening complications. Transesophageal echocardiography should be performed in any patient with high clinical suspicion of infective endocarditis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case-report of Salmonella endocarditis in a haemodialysis patient
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