55Mn NMR in Mn12 acetate: Hyperfine interaction and magnetic relaxation of cluster

The 55Mn NMR in oriented powder Mn12Ac has been investigated at 1.4-2.0 K in zero field and with external fields along the c-axis. Three kinds of 55Mn NMR composed of five-fold quadrupole-split lines for I=5/2 nuclei have been interpreted to arise from Mn4+ ion, and two crystallographically-inequivalent Mn3+ ions, respectively. It is found that the isotropic hyperfine field in the Mn4+ ion with 3d3 configuration indicates a large amount of reduction (26%) as compared with the theoretical evaluation. In the analysis for the hyperfine field of Mn3+ ions with 3d4 configuration, we have taken into account of the anisotropic dipolar contribution in addition to the Fermi-contact term in order to explain two kinds of 55Mn NMR frequencies in Mn3+ ions in inequivalent sites. By using the hyperfine coupling constants of twelve manganese ions in Mn12Ac, the total hyperfine interaction of the ferrimagnetic ground state of S=10 has been determined to amount to 0.3 cm-1 in magnitude at most, the magnitude of which corresponds to the nuclear hyperfine field he(0.32 kG seen by Mn12 cluster spin. The relaxation of the cluster magnetization was investigated by observing the recovery of the 55Mn spin-echo intensity in the fields of 0.20-1.90 T along the c-axis at 2.0 K. It was found that the magnetization of the cluster exhibits the (t-recovery in the short time regime. The relaxation time decreases with increasing external field following significant dips at every 0.45 T. This is interpreted to be due to the effects of thermally-assisted quantum tunneling between the spin states at magnetic level crossings.Comment: Text 25 pages, five figures and two table

Recent progress in silica aerogel Cherenkov radiator

In this paper, we present recent progress in the development of hydrophobic silica aerogel as a Cherenkov radiator. In addition to the conventional method, the recently developed pin-drying method for producing high-refractive-index aerogels with high transparency was studied in detail. Optical qualities and large tile handling for crack-free aerogels were investigated. Sufficient photons were detected from high-performance aerogels in a beam test.Comment: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics (TIPP 2011), to be published in Physics Procedia, 8 pages, 7 figure

Curriculum management at a special support school by the School Management Council : Analysis of planning and management utilizing facilitation skills

特別支援学校小学部・中学部学習指導要領（文部科学省，2017）（以下，新学習指導要領とする。）では、未来の創り手である子供たちに必要な資質・能力を育成するため、学校と社会が連携・協働していくことや、社会に開かれた教育課程の実施が示された。また、教育課程の改善を軸とした学校教育の改善・充実の循環を生み出すカリキュラム・マネジメントの重要性も示された。一方、広島県においては、平成31（2019）年４月より、すべての県立学校が社会と連携・協働していくために、学校運営協議会を設置したコミュニティ・スクールとなった。 本報告では、広島県立呉南特別支援学校のカリキュラム・マネジメントの取組の現状やファシリテーションのスキルを活用した学校運営協議会の企画・運営による学校教育の改善・充実を目指した実践について報告する。The revised elementary and lower secondary Courses of Study for special support schools (2017) calls for cooperation and collaboration between schools and their communities, and the implementation of curriculums that are open to society, with an aim to cultivate necessary qualities and abilities in children who are creators of the future. In addition, the documents indicate the pivotal importance of curriculum management, which creates a virtuous circle of improvement and enhancement of education in schools. In this regard, as of April 2019, “community schools” were established in Hiroshima Prefecture by the School Management Council to promote collaboration and cooperation between all prefectural-run schools and their communities. This report describes the current state of curriculum management initiatives at Hiroshima Prefectural Kure-Minami Special Support School and the practices aimed at enhancing and improving education via planning and operations of the School Management Council, utilizing facilitation skills

Discrete R-symmetry anomalies in heterotic orbifold models

Anomalies of discrete R-symmetries appearing in heterotic orbifold models are studied. We find that the mixed anomalies for different gauge groups satisfy the universal Green-Schwarz (GS) condition, indicating that these anomalies are canceled by the GS mechanism. An exact relation between the anomaly coefficients of the discrete R-symmetries and one-loop beta-function coefficients is obtained. We also find that the discrete R-symmetries have a good chance to be unbroken down to the supersymmetry breaking scale. Even below this scale a $Z_2$ subgroup is unbroken, which may be an origin of the R-parity of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Relations between the R-symmetry anomalies and T-duality anomalies are also investigated.Comment: 19 pages, no figur

Chiral Soliton Lattice Formation in Monoaxial Helimagnet Yb(Ni1−x_{1-x}Cux_x)3_3Al9_9

Helical magnetic structures and its responses to external magnetic fields in Yb(Ni$_x$Cu$_{1-x}$)$_3$Al$_9$, with a chiral crystal structure of the space group $R32$, have been investigated by resonant X-ray diffraction. It is shown that the crystal chirality is reflected to the helicity of the magnetic structure by a one to one relationship, indicating that there exists an antisymmetric exchange interaction mediated via the conduction electrons. When a magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the helical axis ($c$ axis), the second harmonic peak of $(0, 0, 2q)$ develops with increasing the field. The third harmonic peak of $(0, 0, 3q)$ has also been observed for the $x$=0.06 sample. This result provides a strong evidence for the formation of a chiral magnetic soliton lattice state, a periodic array of the chiral twist of spins, which has been suggested by the characteristic magnetization curve. The helical ordering of magnetic octupole moments, accompanying with the magnetic dipole order, has also been detected.Comment: 13 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in J. Phys. Soc. Jp

カンセン チリョウ ニ アタラシイ ジダイ ノ マクアケ : セイブツガクテキ セイザイ

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, which is clinically characterized by scaly erythemas on the whole body. In the fully developed lesions of psoriasis, the histological features have demonstrated epidermal hyperproliferation with infiltration of T lymphocytes in the dermal papillae. Although pre-biological systemic therapies has targeted mainly proliferative keratinocytes and activated T cells, their effects were limited or these therapies could not be applied for patients with severe organ failures. Therefore, more effective agents are expected to improve quality of life （QOL） of patients with psoriasis. Recent studies have showed what kinds of cells, cell surface molecules, and cytokines should play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Biological therapies targeting these molecules have proved to be so effective for obstinate lesions of psoriasis. Here, we describe clinical features and pathogenesis of psoriasis, and the characteristics of several conventional and biological therapies for psoriasis in Japan

Adrenomedullin suppresses interleukin-1β-induced tumor necrosis factor-α production in Swiss 3T3 cells

AbstractWe demonstrated that adrenomedullin (AM) inhibited interleukin-1β-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion and gene transcription in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts maximally to 23% and 18% of control, while the other peptides elevating intracellular cAMP levels elicited much weaker effects. AM rapidly reduced the gene transcript level of TNF-α, inducing a maximal effect within 1 h. The inhibitory effect of AM was restored with an AM receptor antagonist as well as a cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor. These findings indicate that AM is a potent and quick suppressor of TNF-α production in Swiss 3T3 cells acting through the cAMP protein kinase A pathway. As TNF-α is a major inflammatory cytokine and stimulates AM production in fibroblasts, AM is deduced to be an autocrine or paracrine factor suppressing inflammation through the inhibition of TNF-α production

自然災害がもたらす複雑性悲嘆

　本研究では，死別による悲嘆について概説し，精神的な問題を理解することで，震災復興や精神的ケアの重要性を述べた．悲嘆のプロセスモデルには，精神的打撃と麻痺に始まり希望に終わる9 段階モデル，・正常な悲哀過程の７段階モデルがあり，プロセスを経てやがて回復していく．悲嘆が強く病的な経過をたどると複雑性悲嘆に至り，様々な身体的・精神的症状を呈するようになり，悲嘆からの回復を妨げる要因となる．先行研究による災害や事故・事件からの家族での複雑性悲嘆の有病率は，9.11 アメリカにおける同時多発テロで43%，事故や殺人で，21.9％，親族以外の災害・事故事件などで2.4％であった．災害などで故人と関係性の深い家族などを喪失することによる複雑性悲嘆の有病率がきわめて高い．高齢者の複雑性悲嘆の有病率は，4.8％との報告があり，一般成人の2倍という高率である．特に”女性の高齢者”，”子どもを亡くした母親”は，複雑性悲嘆の発症のハイリスクのため注意が必要である．悲嘆が及ぼす身体的症状では，心肺組織系統，消化器系統，神経系統すべてに及び，睡眠障害，食欲低下，アルコール中毒や薬物中毒，心身症などがある．喪失後，13か月後に心疾患，高血圧，自殺念慮，24 か月後に，アルコール依存症，心疾患，自殺念慮，否認，これらの状態悪化が認められた．また，6 か月後から24 か月後に心疾患，がん，頭痛，インフルエンザなどに罹患率の増加が挙げられている．震災後，転居や仮設住宅に移住し，慣れない周囲の環境の変化から引きこもりがちとなり，周囲との人間関係が希薄になっている人もいる．周囲との孤独感からアルコール依存症や，自殺を引き起こしたり，問題が見えにくくなってくる可能性がある．新しい避難地，または仮設住宅において新たなコミュニティーを作り上げ，社会的ネットワークの強化の必要性がある