LINGKAGE BETWEEN LANDS AND OCEANS THROUGH WATER AND MATERIAL FLOWS BY RIVERS AND CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS

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On the Two-Stage Aging of Al-Mg-Si Alloys

The two-stage aging effect in three Al-Mg-Si alloys containing 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% Mg₂Si respectively is investigated by electrical resistivity measurements, tensile tests and electron microscopy. The critical temperature for homogeneous nucleation of precipitates exists between 160 and 200°C for an 1.0% Mg₂Si alloy, and for an 1.5% Mg₂Si alloy between 200 and 260°C. The Temperatures are also correspoding to the highest temperatures for the resistivity increase respectively. The slight decrease in resistivity perhaps due to redissolution of clusters is observed for 0.5% Mg₂Si alloy in the initial stage of isothermal aging at a low temperature. The activation energy Eₛ for migration of solute atoms in the fast reaction is estimated as 0.77 eV for all three alloys in good agreement with the values reported for a 1.4% Mg2Si alloy. The deleterious effect of two-stage aging is observed in only limited cases, though it appearts unfortunately often in practice. The whole effect of two-stage aging appears to be explained only by the stability of clusters or zones formed during preaging. The conservation in zone number is not observed. The nucleation or stabilization of clusters which takes place during heating to aging temperature must be considered not only for quenching effect but also for two-stage aging effect

Fluid permeation through a membrane with infinitesimal permeability under Reynolds lubrication

This article has been published in a revised form in Journal of Mechanics [https://doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2020.38]. This version is published under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND. No commercial re-distribution or re-use allowed. Derivative works cannot be distributed. © 2020 The Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

Efficacy of salvage therapies for advanced acral melanoma after anti-PD-1 monotherapy failure: a multicenter retrospective study of 108 Japanese patients

BackgroundAnti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monotherapy is one of the standard systemic therapies for advanced melanoma; however, the efficacy of salvage systemic therapies after PD-1 monotherapy failure (PD-1 MF), particularly in acral melanoma (AM), the main clinical melanoma type in Japanese patients, is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of salvage systemic therapies in Japanese patients with AM after PD-1 MF.Patients and methodsThe study included 108 patients with advanced AM (palm and sole, 72; nail apparatus, 36) who underwent salvage systemic therapy at 24 Japanese institutions. We mainly assessed the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsThirty-six (33%) patients received ipilimumab, 23 (21%) received nivolumab and ipilimumab (nivo/ipi), 10 (9%) received cytotoxic chemotherapy, 4 (4%) received BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BRAFi/MEKi), and the remaining 35 (32%) continued with PD-1 monotherapy after disease progression. The ORRs in the ipilimumab, nivo/ipi, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and BRAFi/MEKi groups were 8, 17, 0, and 100%, respectively. The nivo/ipi group showed the longest OS (median, 18.9 months); however, differences in ORR, PFS, and OS between the groups were insignificant. The OS in the nivo/ipi group was higher in the palm and sole groups than in the nail apparatus group (median: not reached vs. 8.7 months, p < 0.001). Cox multivariate analysis demonstrated that nail apparatus melanoma independently predicted unfavorable PFS and OS (p = 0.006 and 0.001). The total OS (from PD-1 monotherapy initiation to death/last follow-up) was insignificant between the groups.ConclusionNivo/ipi was not more effective than cytotoxic chemotherapy and ipilimumab after PD-1 MF in patients with advanced AM. The prognosis after PD-1 MF would be poorer for nail apparatus melanoma than for palm and sole melanoma

User instruction mechanism for temporal traffic smoothing in mobile networks

With the recent spread of mobile devices like smartphones and tablets, the proportion of mobile device traffic as part of the total Internet traffic has been continuously increasing. Particularly, when a lot of mobile device traffic is concentrated in a wireless access network at a specific time, user throughputs drastically decrease, which results in the deterioration of communication quality. To solve this problem, temporal traffic offloading, which smooths traffic by moving peak traffic to off-peak time, has been proposed. However, since the conventional approaches were designed from the viewpoint of the operator, user satisfaction might not be improved even if traffic is smoothed. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new mechanism that instructs users to delay their traffic to move part of the peak-time traffic to off-peak time to smooth traffic temporally. Our mechanism allows the user to decide whether to follow the instruction without forcing her or him to delay their requests so that her or his satisfaction is ensured. Our simulation study using a real traffic measurement dataset validates our mechanism in terms of traffic smoothing and user satisfaction