Coalition analysis with preference uncertainty in group decision support

Coalition analysis is extended to incorporate uncertain preference into three stability concepts, general metarationality (GMR), symmetric metarationality (SMR), and sequential stability (SEQ) under the paradigm of the graph model for conflict resolution. As a follow-up analysis in the graph model, coalition analysis aims to assess whether equilibriums under individual calculations are vulnerable to coalition moves and countermoves and, hence, become unstable under coalition stabilities. Coalition analysis has been considered for transitive graph models with simple preference under four stabilities, Nash, GMR, SMR, and SEQ, as well as general graph models with uncertain preference for the Nash stability. This paper introduces preference uncertainty into coalition stabilities under GMR, SMR, and SEQ for general graph models that can be transitive or intransitive. Depending on the focal coalition’s different attitudes towards preference uncertainty, four different extensions are presented. Interrelationships of coalition stabilities are investigated within each extension and across the four extensions. A case study is carried out to illustrate how to apply the proposed coalition stabilities

A Strategic Journey of Firm Transformation Towards a New Framework for Implementing Servitization Strategy

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DOCK2 is involved in the host genetics and biology of severe COVID-19

「コロナ制圧タスクフォース」COVID-19疾患感受性遺伝子DOCK2の重症化機序を解明 --アジア最大のバイオレポジトリーでCOVID-19の治療標的を発見--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-08-10.Identifying the host genetic factors underlying severe COVID-19 is an emerging challenge. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 2, 393 cases of COVID-19 in a cohort of Japanese individuals collected during the initial waves of the pandemic, with 3, 289 unaffected controls. We identified a variant on chromosome 5 at 5q35 (rs60200309-A), close to the dedicator of cytokinesis 2 gene (DOCK2), which was associated with severe COVID-19 in patients less than 65 years of age. This risk allele was prevalent in East Asian individuals but rare in Europeans, highlighting the value of genome-wide association studies in non-European populations. RNA-sequencing analysis of 473 bulk peripheral blood samples identified decreased expression of DOCK2 associated with the risk allele in these younger patients. DOCK2 expression was suppressed in patients with severe cases of COVID-19. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis (n = 61 individuals) identified cell-type-specific downregulation of DOCK2 and a COVID-19-specific decreasing effect of the risk allele on DOCK2 expression in non-classical monocytes. Immunohistochemistry of lung specimens from patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia showed suppressed DOCK2 expression. Moreover, inhibition of DOCK2 function with CPYPP increased the severity of pneumonia in a Syrian hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized by weight loss, lung oedema, enhanced viral loads, impaired macrophage recruitment and dysregulated type I interferon responses. We conclude that DOCK2 has an important role in the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of severe COVID-19, and could be further explored as a potential biomarker and/or therapeutic target

A SYSTEMS-THEORETICAL REPRESENTATION OF TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR CONNECTIONS

This paper proposes a systems-theoretical representation of technologies. A technology is represented as an efficient input-output (I/O) system in the sense of mathematical systems theory, where the I/O system transforms the inputs provided for it through the input channels of it into the outputs, which are outputted from it through the output channels of it. This paper also provides a definition of connections of I/O systems as a way to construct a bigger I/O system from smaller I/O systems. Of course it is not always true that a connection of I/O systems is a technology. It can be verified, however, that a connection of technologies is always a technology. In this paper a mathematical verification of this fact is provided