A crowdsourcing approach to collecting photo-based insect and plant observation records

Scientific field observation by members of the public is known as citizen science and has become popular all across the world. Citizen science is advantageous for collecting large amounts of scientific data and can be seen as a crowdsourcing approach to data collection. Information and communications technology is enhancing the availability of citizen science. Mobile devices, such as mobile phones, that have a digital camera with a global positioning system (GPS) are necessities for contemporary life and can be utilised as powerful observation tools in citizen science. A web-based system has been developed as a data collection tool for citizen science. Participants submit an e-mail with a photo taken by their mobile phones. The photos contain location information, which can be easily and automatically embedded if the mobile phone is equipped with GPS. Collaboration has been undertaken with regional event managers, such as museum curators and held citizen science events in each region and for various target taxonomic groups. All photos were stored in the data server and the organisms were taxonomically identified by citizen scientists, regional managers and the authors. In total, 154 species and 843 data records were collected in this project conducted from 2011 to 2016

Invasion disharmony in the global biogeography of native and non‐native beetle species

International audienceAim The concept of "island disharmony" has been widely applied to describe the systematic over- and under-representation of taxa on islands compared to mainland regions. Here, we explore an extension of that concept to biological invasions. We compare biogeographical patterns in native and non-native beetle (Coleoptera) assemblages from around the world to test whether beetle invasions represent a random sample of species or whether some families are more prone to invade than others. Location Global. Methods Numbers of non-native beetle species established in ten regions worldwide were compared with the land area of each region. The distribution of species among families was compared with the distribution among families for all species native to the same region and with the distribution among families for the global pool of all known beetle species. Ordination analysis was used to characterize differences among native and non-native assemblages based upon the distribution of species among families. Results We report a total of 1,967 non-native beetle species across all ten regions, and a classic log-log relationship between numbers of species per region and land area though relationships are generally stronger for native assemblages. Some families (e.g., Dermestidae and Bostrichidae) are over-represented and others (e.g., Carabidae, Scarabaeidae and Buprestidae) are under-represented in non-native assemblages. The distribution of species among families is generally similar among native assemblages with greatest similarities among nearby regions. In contrast, non-native species assemblages are more similar to each other than to native species assemblages. Main conclusions Certain families are over-represented, and others are under-represented in non-native beetle assemblages compared to native assemblages, indicating "invasion disharmony" in the global representation of beetle families. Similarities in composition among non-native assemblages may reflect unobserved associations with invasion pathways and life-history traits that shape invasion success of different insect groups

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Bladder

The case was a 67-year-old male who visited our hospital with a major complaint of macroscopic hematuria. A bladder tumor was found. When a transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed, the histopathological diagnosis was neuroendocrine bladder cancer. After chemotherapy with cisplatin and etoposide a partial shrinkage of the tumor was observed; however, the patient expired 7 months after the first visit

クルマイス タイオウ センメンダイ ノ サイテキ チ センメン ジッケン ニヨル サイ ヒョウカ

The specifications of washstand for wheelchair were re-examined to help materialize more smooth and comfortableness. The face washing activities in sitting positions were recorded with 3-D motion capture system.The experiments were run for different heights, sizes, and shapes of washstands, and also for different distances between the washstand and the seat. The captured motions were analyzed to identify inconveniences and difficulties during the activities.As the results, the optimum difference of height between the top of washstand and the seat is in the range of 250-300mm. The optimum distance from the front edge of washstand to greater trochanter is around 250mm. It is important to form the front of shape of washstand in order not to hamper the movement of upper extremity. Based on the results, the current height of standard washstand for wheelchair (750mm) should be lowered

カイソウホウ オ カツヨウ シタ ニンチショウ ヨボウ ノ タメ ノ マチヅクリ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ Aシ ニ オケル ジンザイ イクセイ ニ チャクモク シタ アクション リサーチ オ トオシテ

本研究は2011年度より2012年度にかけて実施した，A市における回想法を活用した認知症予防のためのまちづくりプロジェクトによるアクションリサーチである．その導入にあたり，先駆的地域事例を調査しその比較を通して課題分析を行った．その結果，活動拠点やプログラム，また回想法に使用する道具や資料の整備もさることながら，住民協働を意図した人材育成の取り組みの必要性が挙げられた．そこで，高齢者と次世代を繋ぐ循環型住民協働の仕組み作りを目標に掲げ，回想法の活動を推進する人材育成を目的とした研修を試行し，その効果を検証した．研修参加者のアンケート結果より，回想法に対する理解と研修に対する満足度は概ね高く，回想法活動への参加意欲について研修後は有意に高まっていた（p=0.012）．回想法によるまちづくりに関する意識については，研修後に意識が向上する傾向がみられた（p=0.09）．これら一連の取り組みを通して，回想法という手段は世代間交流や住民協働の基本となる互助の意識を高める可能性が示唆された