The Primordial Origin Model of Magnetic Fields in Spiral Galaxies

We propose a primordial-origin model for the composite configurations of global magnetic fields in spiral galaxies. We show that uniform tilted magnetic field wound up into a rotating disk galaxy can evolve into composite magnetic configurations comprising bisymmetric spiral (S=BSS), axisymmetric spiral (A=ASS), plane-reversed spiral (PR), and/or ring (R) fields in the disk, and vertical (V) fields in the center. By MHD simulations we show that these composite galactic fields are indeed created from weak primordial uniform field, and that the different configurations can co-exist in the same galaxy. We show that spiral fields trigger the growth of two-armed gaseous arms. The centrally accumulated vertical fields are twisted and produce jet toward the halo. We find that the more vertical was the initial uniform field, the stronger is the formed magnetic field in the galactic disk.Comment: 11 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in PAS

Observation of finite excess noise in the voltage-biased quantum Hall regime as a precursor for breakdown

We performed noise measurements in a two-dimensional electron gas to investigate the nonequilibrium quantum Hall effect (QHE) state. While excess noise is perfectly suppressed around the zero-biased QHE state reflecting the dissipationless electron transport of the QHE state, considerable finite excess noise is observed in the breakdown regime of the QHE. The noise temperature deduced from the excess noise is found to be of the same order as the energy gap between the highest occupied Landau level and the lowest empty one. Moreover, unexpected finite excess noise is observed at a finite source-drain bias voltagesmaller than the onset voltage of the QHE breakdown, which indicates finite dissipation in the QHE state and may be related to the prebreakdown of the QHE.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

Chapter 9 : Clinical and Radiographic Observation of Permanent Teeth with Incompletely Formed Roots after Root Canal Therapy

A total of 33 teeth with 66 root canals were clinically diagnosed as irreversible pulpitis, and 38 teeth with 53 canals were diagnosed as apical periodontitis. Those 71 teeth had 119 root canals, with incompletely formed roots, and they underwent root canal therapy and filling using a formulation of calcium hydroxide and iodoform called Vitapex and were clinically observed for 30 to 1312 days. The following are the results and conclusions. 1: After root canal therapy, the condition of the root canal filling material was determined by radiograph In 66 root canals with irreversible pulpitis, 16 cases were overfilled, 11 cases were flush and 39 cases were underfilled. In 53 cases with apical periodontitis, 28 cases were overfilled, 10 cases were flush and 15 cases were underfilled. 2: Clinical discomfort was experienced in 10 cases with irreversible pulpitis and in 3 cases with apical periodontitis. However, most of the discomfort was of a mild degree and disappeared within a week. 3: At the last observation, a high frequency of closure of the root apex was observed by radiograph. Cases with apical periodontitis tend to have a slight delay in inducing closure of the root apex compared with cases with irreversible pulpitis. However, after 540 days, closure of the root apex was observed in all cases. 4: Clinical and radiographic findings show that in 33 cases with irreversible pulpitis, 23 cases were good, 9 cases were fair and 1 case was poor. On the other hand, in 38 cases with apical periodontitis, 35 cases were good, 2 cases were fair and 1 case was poor.Editor, Toshiyuki KawakamiLanguage Editor, David M Carlsonviii, 232 p. ill. (some col.

MRI of Rheumatoid Arthritis:Comparing the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials (OMERACT) Scoring and Volume of Synovitis for the Assessment of Biologic Therapy

The outcome measures in rheumatology clinical trials (OMERACT) scores are the most mature quantitation system for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Direct measuring techniques of synovial volume have been reported with good reproducibility, although few reports have demonstrated the changes of these measures in response to treatment. To assess these clinical responses, we evaluated the correlation of the changes of clinical activity score 28-joints disease activity score (DAS28-CRP) with the changes of OMERACT scores and with synovial volume measurements. Eight RA patients who were treated by biologic agents were examined with MRI of the dominant affected wrist and finger joints before and one year after the treatment. The total OMERACT score was reduced from 48.0 to 41.3, and synovial volume was reduced from 15.4 to 8.8 milliliters. Positive correlations were seen between the changes of DAS28-CRP and the changes of OMERACT synovitis score (r＝0.27), OMERACT total score (r＝0.43) and synovial volume (r＝0.30). Limited to synovium assessment, synovial volume showed a better correlation with DAS28-CRP than the OMERACT synovitis score. On the other hand, the OMERACT total score showed a higher correlation with DAS28-CRP than synovial volume, probably because the OMERACT total score includes scores for bone erosion and bone edema as well

Blood flow velocity in the anterior humeral circumflex artery and tear size can predict synovitis severity in patients with rotator cuff tears

Background Rotator cuff tears are often associated with synovitis, but the ability of noninvasive ultrasonography to predict the severity of synovitis remains unclear. We investigated whether ultrasound parameters, namely peak systolic velocity in the anterior humeral circumflex artery and Doppler activity in the glenohumeral joint and subacromial space, reflect synovitis severity. Methods A total of 54 patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were selected. Doppler ultrasound was used to measure peak systolic velocity in the anterior humeral circumflex artery and Doppler activity in the glenohumeral joint and subacromial space, and these values were compared with the intraoperative synovitis score in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Univariate analyses revealed that tear size, peak systolic velocity in the anterior humeral circumflex artery, and Doppler activity in the glenohumeral joint were associated with synovitis in the glenohumeral joint (P=0.02, P<0.001, P=0.02, respectively). In the subacromial space, tear size, peak systolic velocity in the anterior humeral circumflex artery, and Doppler activity in the subacromial space were associated with synovitis severity (P=0.02, P<0.001, P=0.02, respectively). Multivariate analyses indicated that tear size and peak systolic velocity in the anterior humeral circumflex artery were independently associated with synovitis scores in both the glenohumeral joint and the subacromial space (all P<0.05). Conclusions These findings demonstrate that tear size and peak systolic velocity in the anterior humeral circumflex artery, which can both be measured noninvasively, are useful indicators of synovitis severity. Level of evidenceIV

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On 444 students of university in Kagoshima-shi, the survey was carried out by guestionnaire regarding their consideration of foods intake and self-evaluation of dietary life in June, 1993. The results obtained were considered as follows : 1. As for food intake, the great numbers of students who considered their intakes as "eat frequently" were found in the foodgroups of milk (43.7%), eggs (36.5%), meals (35.6%), breads (3l.5%) and vegetables (30.6%). And great values of rate of "eat rarely" were detected in the groups of tsukemono・salted (61.3%), seaweeds (43.2%), confectionaries (34.5%), soybean products・tofu・natto (28.6%), and fishes・shellfishes (25.0%). 2. Remarkable effects of the sexual and dwelling difference on the consideration of food intake could be observed, but the infuence of the grade and the faculty couldn\u27t. 3. The milk, eggs, vegetables, breads, confectionaries, and seaweeds were more frequently taken in female than in male, and meats, oily・tempura・frizzled and fishes・shellfishes were more in male than female. 4. The foods that the students living with family took more frequently than the students living on their own were vegetables, fishes・shellfishes and confectioneries. Every kind of food was taken rarely in the students living on their own than the students with their family, and fishes・shellfishes, soybeans and its products, oily, and seaweeds were noticed conspicuously. 5. The value of freguency of skipping meals was remarkably great. The sum of the students who skip the meals habitually and who skip sometimes was 63.9%. The strong relation was recognized significantly among the skipping meals, sexual, and dwelling difference (p<0.005). The skipping meals were conspicuous in the male students living on their own. 6. They thought that the most important problem of their dietary life was nutrition balance (47.8%), and the second was irregularity (39.2%). 7. Self-evaluation and intention to betterment of the dietary life were strongly influenced in the dwelling difference. It was considered that skipping meal is a important factor related to food intake, self-evaluation and intention to betterment of the dietary life

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In this paper we describe an experimental study of determination of sodium chloride in processed foods set at market in Kagoshima City. Sodium contents were determined by several methods for 63 kinds of processed foods. Experimental values of sodium chlorides obtained by high-frequency plasma method, electro micro waves, and sodium chloride meter were 87.3%, 82.1% and 77.8% respectively as compared with those obtained by atomic absorption spectrometry. Special attention should be paid to the scattering of the accuracy of the measurement according to a kind and character of food staffs. Remarkable differences were not recognized in salt contents of processed foods in usual market in comparison with the values calculated from the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan, fourth edition supplemented