All-Optical Waveguide-Type Switch Using Saturable Absorption in Graphene

An all-optical switch using saturable absorption that accompanies refractive-index change such as in graphene films is proposed. The switching conditions are theoretically derived for arbitrary values of absorption and refractive-index change. It is found that switching can be performed by weaker control light when the refractive-index change is accompanied in saturable absorption. Switching conditions for various combinations of absorption and refractive-index change are confirmed by FD-BPM simulation. As an experimental demonstration of saturable absorption in graphene, we discuss measured nonlinear absorption in a graphene-loaded waveguide. The saturable absorption and refractive-index change through vertically placed multilayered graphene sheets are also discussed based on reported experimental results

Konsepsi Penggantian Kerugian Atas Pemberian Izin Mendirikan Bangunan (Imb) yang Tidak Sesuai dengan Rtrw (Kajian terhadap Pasal 37 Undang-undang No.26 Tahun 2007 Tentang Penataan Ruang)

Pasal 37 Ayat (4),(5) dan (8) Undang-undang No.26 Tahun 2007 Tentang Penataan Ruang mengatakan bahwa IMB harus mengikuti konsep perencanaan yang tertera pada Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) di setiap daerah dan apabila diketahui IMB tersebut melanggar RTRW maka harus dibatalkan dan dimungkinkan adanya pemberian ganti rugi atas pembatalan IMB tersebut. Fenomena yang terjadi saat ini adalah belum jelas dan belum konkretnya aturan yang ada terkait dengan konsepsi ganti rugi sehingga menyulitkan pihak-pihak yang ingin mengajukan upaya hukum melalui sarana hukum yang paling tepat dan efisien. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, penulis menawarkan sarana hukum administrasi karena dianggap yang paling efektif dan jelas dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan IMB yang dilakukan pembatalan, dikarenakan IMB merupakan Keputusan Tata Usaha Negara (KTUN) yang apabila bermasalah sudah terakomodasi di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara, sesuai dengan kompetensinya dan yang paling penting adalah gugatan yang dilakukan, terhadap subjek kewenangan yaitu pejabatnya bukan pribadi dari pejabat tersebut yang bertanggung jawab terhadap kesalahan-kesalahan yang berkaitan dengan ketidaksesuaiannya IMB dengan RTRW. Maka, penulis mengusulkan konsepsi penggantian atas kerugian yang diderita oleh investor atau masyarakat dengan melalui mekanisme penggantian yang dibebankan pada pemerintah daerah melalui Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD). Sehingga diharapkan dapat mengembalikan hakikat tujuan dan manfaat dari IMB.Kata Kunci : Izin Mendirikan Bangunan (IMB), Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW), Upaya Hukum Administrasi, Ganti Rugi

SAF-A promotes origin licensing and replication fork progression to ensure robust DNA replication

Funding CC was supported by a BBSRC EASTBIO Doctoral Training programme PhD studentship. SH was supported by Daiwa Anglo-Japanese Foundation 812 (12928/13746). Work in the Hiraga-Donaldson lab supported by Cancer Research UK awards C1445/A19059 and DRCPGM\100013. NG is supported by Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00007/13) Acknowledgements Information for SAF-A expression was obtained at The Cancer Genome Atlas TCGA) Research Network (https://www.cancer.gov/tcga). We thank Dr Ryu-suke Nozawa for help in the early stage of the project, and Professor Julian Blow for advice on the 3D licensing assay. Thanks to the staff of the Iain Fraser Cytometry Centre, and Microscopy and Histology facility at the University of Aberdeen.Peer reviewedPostprin

A Proton Conductive Porous Framework of an 18-Crown-6-Ether Derivative Networked by Rigid Hydrogen Bonding Modules

A rigid hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) was constructed from a C3-symmetric hexatopic carboxylic acid with a hydrophilic 18-crown-6-ether (18C6) component. Despite the flexible macrocyclic structure with many conformations, the derivative with three 4,4’-dicarboxy-o-terphenyl moieties in the periphery yielded a rigid layered porous framework through directional intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Interestingly, the HOF possesses 1D channels with bottleneck composed of 18C6 rings. The HOF shows proton conductivity (1.12×10−7 S cm−1) through Grotthuss mechanism (Ea=0.27 eV) under 98 %RH. The present unique water channel structure provides an inspiration to create molecular porous materials.This is the accepted version of the following article:Chen X., Huang R.K., Takahashi K., et al. A Proton Conductive Porous Framework of an 18-Crown-6-Ether Derivative Networked by Rigid Hydrogen Bonding Modules. Angewandte Chemie - International Edition 61, e202211686 (2022), which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202211686. This article may be used for non-commercialpurposes in accordance with the Wiley Self-ArchivingPolicy [https://authorservices.wiley.com/author-resources/Journal-Authors/licensing/self-archiving.html

Phos-tag-based approach to study protein phosphorylation in the thylakoid membrane

Protein phosphorylation is a fundamental post-translational modification in all organisms. In photoautotrophic organisms, protein phosphorylation is essential for the fine-tuning of photosynthesis. The reversible phosphorylation of the photosystem II (PSII) core and the light-harvesting complex of PSII (LHCII) contribute to the regulation of photosynthetic activities. Besides the phosphorylation of these major proteins, recent phosphoproteomic analyses have revealed that several proteins are phosphorylated in the thylakoid membrane. In this study, we utilized the Phos-tag technology for a comprehensive assessment of protein phosphorylation in the thylakoid membrane of Arabidopsis. Phos-tag SDS-PAGE enables the mobility shift of phosphorylated proteins compared with their non-phosphorylated isoform, thus differentiating phosphorylated proteins from their non-phosphorylated isoforms. We extrapolated this technique to two-dimensional (2D) SDS-PAGE for detecting protein phosphorylation in the thylakoid membrane. Thylakoid proteins were separated in the first dimension by conventional SDS-PAGE and in the second dimension by Phos-tag SDS-PAGE. In addition to the isolation of major phosphorylated photosynthesis-related proteins, 2D Phos-tag SDS-PAGE enabled the detection of several minor phosphorylated proteins in the thylakoid membrane. The analysis of the thylakoid kinase mutants demonstrated that light-dependent protein phosphorylation was mainly restricted to the phosphorylation of the PSII core and LHCII proteins. Furthermore, we assessed the phosphorylation states of the structural domains of the thylakoid membrane, grana core, grana margin, and stroma lamella. Overall, these results demonstrated that Phos-tag SDS-PAGE is a useful biochemical tool for studying in vivo protein phosphorylation in the thylakoid membrane protein

Exchange Anisotropy of L12-Mn3X (X=Ir, Rh, Ru)/Co-Fe Bilayers

科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:17350003/研究代表者:美齊津文典/金属-分子気相錯体イオンにおける特異な光誘起解離反応の動力学の解明とその制御

Heterogeneous Impacts of Grazing Animals and Vegetational Change in Japanese Native Pastures

Defoliation, defecation and trampling are the major modes whereby grazing animals give impacts on vegetation. Due to the uneven distribution, such grazing behavior can have profound effects on vegetation. For extensive grazing systems in native pastures, understandings of the plant-animal interaction are vital for adequate control of vegetation and animal conditions and sustainable use of natural resources. This paper reviews recent studies of the grazing impacts on vegetation in Japanese native pastures. Most of the studies were carried out in the Kawatabi Field Science Center (Kawatabi FSC), Tohoku University. 1.Native pastures in the Kawatabi FSC are composed of 61-155 plant species, of which cattle graze upon 26-76 species. Among these species, Miscanthus sinensis (Japanese plume-grass) was the most frequently grazed by cattle. The spatial distribution of available forage is a major factor affecting diet selection and consumption of cattle. Such selective grazing results in significant reduction of M. sinensis in native pastures. 2.Seed dispersal of plants by defecation of grazing animals can also result in significant vegetational change. Recent studies have shown that Carex spp. is the major plant whose seeds are dispersed by defecation of animals rotationally grazed in a native and a sown pasture. The mechanisms of the seed dispersal and its possible effects on vegetational succession are discussed. 3.Heavy trampling is known to degrade vegetative ground cover. Our research has shown that trampling by cattle promotes the invasion of a shrub, Weigela hortensis into Miscanthus-dominant pastures. Because the seeds of W. hortensis are light sensitive germinators, trampling by removing ground cover promotes its seed germination. These findings provide new perspectives on plantanimal interactions in Japanese native pastures and help estimate the impact of animals on plant succession. They also contribute to efforts to ensure sustainable grazing use of pastures