Central fibroma of the jaw bone: a case report.

Central fibromas developing from within the jaw bone are comparatively rare in contrast to fibromatoid lesions in other parts of the oral region. We report a 13-year-old girl with a central fibroma which developed in the jaw bone.</p

Osteogenesis-enhancing effect of the transplanted self bone pieces on bone regeneration in the artificial periostal cavity formed by removing mandibular bone.

To examine whether or not transplanted bone pieces have an enhancing effect on bone regeneration by the periosteum, the author observed the process of bone formation after transplanting self bone pieces into the artificial periostal cavity made by removing mandibular bone from rabbits. The animals were sacrificed 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 30, 60 and 90 days after bone piece transplantation; the cavities were excised, and the bone formation in fresh tissues was observed by roentgenography and by light microscopy in fixed tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Much more enhanced bone formation in the cavities having bone pieces was observed than in those having no bone pieces. Active proliferation of chondrocytes was observed around the transplanted bone pieces followed by bone formation, while the chondrogenesis was rather poor in periosteal osteogenesis without transplantation. Diffuse bone formation was observed in the periosteal cavities having bone pieces, in which osteogenesis proceeded from the marginal zone of the periosteum, hardly filled the central area of the cavities

Macroeconomic Impacts of Climate Change Driven by Changes in Crop Yields

Changes in agricultural yields due to climate change will affect land use, agricultural production volume, and food prices as well as macroeconomic indicators, such as GDP, which is important as it enables one to compare climate change impacts across multiple sectors. This study considered five key uncertainty factors and estimated macroeconomic impacts due to crop yield changes using a novel integrated assessment framework. The five factors are (1) land-use change (or yield aggregation method based on spatially explicit information), (2) the amplitude of the CO2 fertilization effect, (3) the use of different climate models, (4) socioeconomic assumptions and (5) the level of mitigation stringency. We found that their global impacts on the macroeconomic indicator value were 0.02&ndash;0.06% of GDP in 2100. However, the impacts on the agricultural sector varied greatly by socioeconomic assumption. The relative contributions of these factors to the total uncertainty in the projected macroeconomic indicator value were greater in a pessimistic world scenario characterized by a large population size, low income, and low yield development than in an optimistic scenario characterized by a small population size, high income, and high yield development (0.00%)