Medical application of Fisheries By-Products

The sn-2 position docosahexaenoic acid inserted phospholipids (sn -2 DHA-PL) are beginning to receive attentions because of their beneficial functions. There are two alternatives to obtain sn-2 DHA-PL. Squid skin, muscle and testis of late run salmon, fish roe are by-products or wastes that can be subjected to extract crude sn-2 DHA-PL. High purity sn-2 DHA-PL can be obtained through phospholipase A2 mediated esterification of highly purified DHA into soy lysolecithin. The obtained high purity sn-2 DHA-PL showed promotional effects on leukemia cell differentiation when retinoic acid or dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate was used as a differentiator. When sn-2 DHAPL, a mixture of sn-2 DHA-phosphatidylcholine and sn-2 DHA-phosphatidylserine were made into liposomes, they showed antitumor activity against Meth-A fibrosarcoma both in vitro and in vivo. Highly branched glycogen obtained from scallop and a novel peptide glycan from squid ink, also showed antitumor activities against Meth-A fibrosarcoma. Squid pen β-chitin laminated with salmon skin collagen was borne out to be a favorable artificial human skin. DNA from salmon testis could apply to antibacterial film with silver ion. All materials presented here are no doubt highly bioavailable, and should thus become applicable to varieties of medical uses.Proceedings of the International Symposium on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Japanese Society of Fisheries Science, held in Kyoto, Japan, 7-10 October 200

Extraction of Phospholipid-Containing Feed Oil by Propylalcohol

The traditional propylalcohol extraction procedure was re-examined from the view point of marine phospholipid recovery. Thirty sardines were wholly minced and subjected to the 1-propanol extraction, 2-propanol extraction, and chloroform/methanol extraction as a control. A portion of minced material was freeze dried and it was also subjected to the 1-propanol extraction. Lipids extracted by propylalcohols contained some amounts of non-lipid contaminants in the lipid extract, though they were easily removed by centrifuge (1500×g) from the extract. 1-Propanol extraction from the wet material was considered to be the most promising way to extract phospholipid among the commonly used nontoxic solvents, and it amounted to 70% of the chloroform/methanol extraction. Phosphatidylcholine was the most prominent component among the phospholipid classes in all the extracts. Comparing the quality of the extracts, just a slight difference was observed in the molecular species composition of the main lipid classes, i. e. the phosphatidylcholine and the triglyceride. Among the molecular species of phosphatidylcholine of the extracts, (16:0, 22:6) was the most prominent combination, followed by (16:0, 20:5). The molecular species of triglyceride in the extracts were so complicated that it was hard to point out the most prominent combination

Induction of permiablity and apoptosis in colon cancer cell line with chitosan

The effect of chitosan on tight junctions (TJs) permeability on Caco-2 cell monolayer intestinal model was investigated. We have also investigated the effects of low molecular weight water-soluble chitosan (LMWC) on apoptosis in HT-29 cell. The changes in barrier properties of Caco-2 cell monolayers, including transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability to lucifer yellow, were assessed in response to chitosan treatment. High molecular weight chitosan (HMWC) was found to cause up to 50% dose-dependent reduction in TEER of Caco-2 cell monolayer without damage to the cell membrane under lower concentration. The effect of HMWC on TJs was confirmed by increased permeability of lucifer yellow when cells were treated with 0.001-0.0001% HMWC for 120 min compared to control cells. Results showed that HMWC did not affect the F-actin of cytoskeleton. LMWC was proven to be an antitumor compound as shown by inducing apoptosis as a function of DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that HMWC is an useful drug delivery agent in paracellular pathway and LMWC has potential value in colon cancer therapy

Biochemical Composition and Lipid Compositional Properties of the Brown Alga Sargassum horneri

Biochemical composition of brown alga Sargassum horneri was investigated by determination of moisture, protein, carbohydrate, ash, simple lipids and glycolipids. Fatty acid composition of simple lipids and glycolipids was determined by gas chromatography. The algal specimens were collected in two different months, January (sample-1) and February (sample-2). Moisture contents were 86.94 and 87.00% in sample-1 and sample-2, respectively. Protein, carbohydrate and ash contents were 22.94, 19.93 and 32.00% of the dry sample-1, respectively, while the contents of the dry sample-2 were 21.96, 20.81 and 33.58%, respectively. Glycolipids were 1.38 and 1.96% of the dry sample-1 and sample-2, respectively, whereas 2.45 and 2.75% when the samples were digested with the abalone Haliotis discus enzyme. Of the glycolipids obtained, MGDG, DGDG and SQDG were nearly 15, 15 and 68%, respectively. The major fatty acids in simple lipids were 16:0, 18:1 and 22:0. The major fatty acids in individual lipid class were 16:0, 18:1, 20:1, 20:4 and 20:5 in MGDG, 16:0, 20:0, 20:4 and 20:5 in DGDG and 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 20:4 in SQDG. S. horneri is a potential source of valuable glycolipids

Application of Partition Chromatographic Theory for the Analysis of Marine Triglyceride Molecular Species

The relative retention value of the individual triglyceride molecular species on reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography was considered to be dependent principally on the addi-tion theorem of chemical potentials of the three fatty acid residues. It was demonstrated that the chemical potential of each fatty acid residue is proportional to the relative retention potential index i. e. the logarithm of the relative retention value of each fatty acid residue; and that the addition of the relative retention potential indexes of the three fatty acid residues denoted the logarithm of the relative retention value, the relative retention time of each individual molecular species of triglyceride. Triglyceride molecular species from sand flounder was analyzed and compared with the theoretically predicted values

Fucophlorethol C, a phlorotannin as a lipoxygenase inhibitor

Fucophlorethol C, a phlorotannin, was isolated from the brown alga Colpomenia bullosa (Scyto-siphonaceae) as a novel lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitor. It was obtained as a free form from natural origin for the first time. The compound inhibited a soybean LOX to the same extent as the known inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid

クロマトグラフィーにおける各トリグリセリド分子種の溶出順位性について

Short Pape