Majority Orienting Model for the Oscillation of Market Price

The present paper introduces a majority orienting model in which the dealers' behavior changes based on the influence of the price to show the oscillation of stock price in the stock market. We show the oscillation of the price for the model by applying the van der Pol equation which is a deterministic approximation of our model

Nuclear subspace of L0 and the Kernel of a linear measure

AbstractLet E be a locally convex space. Then E is nuclear metrizable if and only if there exists a σ-additive measure μ on E′ such that L: E → L0(E′, μ), L(x) = 〈x, ·〉, is an isomorphism. Let E be quasi-complete or barrelled. Suppose that there exists a σ-additive measure ν on E satisfying (E′, τν)′ ⊃ E. Then E′b is an isomorphic subspace of L0(E, ν) and nuclear, where b is the strong dual topology and τν is the L0(E, ν) topology. In the case where E is an LF space, for a random linear functional L: E → L0(Ω, U, P), the next conditions are equivalent: (a) The cylinder set measure μ on E′ determined by L is σ-additive and (b) xn → 0 in E implies that L(xn) → 0, P-a.s

Vascular changes in the rat brain during chronic hypoxia in the presence and absence of hypercapnia.

Changes in brain vascularity in adult rats during adaptation to chronic normobaric hypoxia with or without elevated CO(2) were morphometrically investigated. Immunohistochemistry with anti-rat endothelial cell antigen (RECA-1) antibody was carried out for the vascular analysis. After the rats were subjected to hypoxia for 2 to 8 weeks (wks)(10 percent O(2) in N(2)), the total area of blood vessels was measured in 6 brain regions. After 2 wks of hypoxia, the blood vessel area was found to be significantly increased in the frontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, thalamus, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata, by 44% , 96% , 65% , 50% , 102% and 97% , respectively. The ratio of large vessels with an area &#62; 500 micro m(2) was also increased in all brain regions. Hypoxic adaptation in brain vascularity did not change during 8 wks of hypoxia, and the hypoxia-induced levels measured in the vasculature returned to control levels 2 wks after the termination of hypoxia in areas of the brain other than the cortex and thalamus. In addition, hypoxia-induced changes in terms of the total vascular area and vessel size distribution were significantly inhibited by the elevation in CO(2), whereas chronic hypercapnia without hypoxia had no effect on brain vascularity. These findings suggested that adaptations in brain vascularity in response to hypoxia are rapidly induced, and there are regional differences in the reversibility of such vascular changes. Carbon dioxide is a potent suppressor of hypoxia-induced vascular changes, and may play an important role in vascular remodeling during the process of adaptation to chronic hypoxia.</p

Cytomegalovirus retinitis treated with valganciclovir in Wegener’s granulomatosis

A case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in a patient with Wegener’s granulomatosis treated with oral valganciclovir as maintenance therapy is reported. A 68-year-old male patient with anti-proteinase-3 ANCA-positive Wegener’s granulomatosis who was receiving immunosuppressive therapy with methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and azathioprine developed CMV retinitis. The patient received intravenous ganciclovir as induction therapy and oral valganciclovir as maintenance therapy. The patient responded to treatment and showed no recurrence for 8 months. There were no serious adverse effects associated with oral valganciclovir. Oral valganciclovir is convenient and effective for the management of CMV retinitis in the patient with Wegener’s granulomatosis

Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) on salivary flow in healthy adults

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a method used for enhancing suprahyoid muscle activity and is widely applied as a treatment for dysphagia. Patients often complain of saliva pooling in the pharynx during NMES. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in salivary flow during NMES. Twenty healthy adults participated in this study. Electrical stimulation was applied at constant strength for 60 minutes to the suprahyoid muscles using VitalStim®. Participants were examined under three conditions of NMES: sensory threshold plus 75% of the difference between sensory and pain thresholds (75% Stim), SensoryStim, and Sham. Saliva collections, using a 10-min spitting method, were performed seven times: before stimulation (S1), during stimulation (S2-S6), and 5 min after stimulation ended (S7). Significant differences were observed in saliva flow between S1 and S7, as well as S2 and S7 in 75% Stim. This study indicates that an increase in saliva flow was promoted after NMES. Therefore, NMES may have effects on patients with xerostomia