Mentorship Programs for Faculty Development in Academic General Pediatric Divisions

Introduction. Mentoring relationships have been shown to support academicians in areas of research, work/life balance, and promotion. Methods. General pediatric division chiefs accessed an electronic survey asking about mentorship relationships, their ability to create a mentorship program, and resources needed. Results. Dyadic mentorship programs were available at 53% of divisions. Peer mentorship programs were available at 27% of divisions. Overall, 84% of chiefs believed that dyadic mentorship would benefit their faculty. 91% of chiefs believed that peer mentorship would benefit their faculty. Chiefs were interested in starting peer (57%) or dyadic (55%) mentorship programs. Few divisions had a peer mentorship program available, whereas 24% already had a dyadic program. 43% of chiefs felt that they had the tools to start a program. Many tools are needed to create a program. Discussion. General pediatric division chiefs acknowledge the benefits of mentoring relationships, and some have programs in place. Many need tools to create them. Pediatric societies could facilitate this critical area of professional development

Histological evidence of successful internal fixation for traumatic chondral fracture of the femoral groove

AbstractIsolated chondral fractures without cancellous bone have limited healing potential. We reattached a chondral fragment without cancellous bone using bone pegs for chondral fracture of the femoral groove in a 13-year-old boy. Five months after the surgery, we performed a biopsy to evaluate the histological findings for the healed osteochondral junction. Biopsy results showed that osteoblasts had proliferated in the subchondral layer, and some osteoblasts had invaded the calcified cartilage, suggesting active new bone formation. A tidemark was observed between the radial cartilage layer and the calcified cartilage, and it was evident that the osteochondral junction had been completely restored. Four years and 3 months after the surgery, magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the cartilage on the femoral groove was maintained and the patient can play basketball asymptomatically. This report shows that surgeons can attempt the reattachment of chondral fragments without cancellous bone in adolescent patients

The development of the effect of peer monitoring on generosity differs among elementary school-age boys and girls

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of peer monitoring on generosity in boys and girls aged 6-12 years. A total of 120 elementary school students played a one-shot dictator game (DG) with and without peer monitoring by classmates. Children decided how to divide 10 chocolates between themselves and a classmate either in a condition in which their allocations were visible to their peers, or in private. While the effect of peer monitoring on the allocation amount in the DG was clearly present in boys, it was not observed in girls. Furthermore, the effect of peer monitoring in boys appeared at the age of 9 years. These results suggest that the motivation to draw peers\u27 attention plays a stronger role for older boys than for girls or younger boys. The potential roles of higher-order theory of mind, social roles, and emergence of secondary sex characteristics on the influence of peer monitoring on generosity shown by boys are discussed

The Development of Theory of Mind and Positive and Negative Reciprocity in Preschool Children

This study examined the relation between the acquisition of false-beliefs theory of mind (ToM) and reciprocity in preschoolers. Preschool-aged children completed a task assessing the understanding of false beliefs, and played an Ultimatum Game (UG) with another child in a face-to-face setting. Negative reciprocity was assessed by examining the rejection of unfair offers made by another child in the UG, while positive reciprocity was assessed by examining allocations made by participants in a Dictator Game (DG) following the UG. The results indicated that children who had passed a task assessing first-order false beliefs were more likely to make generous offers in a DG following a fair offer made by their partner in a proceeding UG, but that false beliefs ToM was unrelated to the rejection of unfair offers in the UG

The Role of Cognitive and Emotional Perspective Taking in Economic Decision Making in the Ultimatum Game

We conducted a simple resource allocation game known as the ultimatum game (UG) with preschoolers to examine the role of cognitive and emotional perspective-taking ability on allocation and rejection behavior. A total of 146 preschoolers played the UG and completed a false belief task and an emotional perspective-taking test. Results showed that cognitive perspective taking ability had a significant positive effect on the proposer\u27s offer and a negative effect on the responder\u27s rejection behavior, whereas emotional perspective taking ability did not impact either the proposer\u27s or responder\u27s behavior. These results imply that the ability to anticipate the responder\u27s beliefs, but not their emotional state, plays an important role in the proposer\u27s choice of a fair allocation in an UG, and that children who have not acquired theory of mind still reject unfair offers

Interplay between different states in heavy fermion physics

Calorimetry experiments under high pressure were used to clarify the interplay between different states such as superconductivity and antiferromagnetism in CeRhIn5, spin density wave and large moment antiferromagnetism in URu2Si2. Evidences are given on the re-entrance of antiferromagnetism under magnetic field in the superconducting phase of CeRhIn5 up to pc = 2.5 GPa where the Neel temperature will collapse in the absence of superconductivity. For URu2Si2 measurements up to 10 GPa support strongly the coexistence of spin density wave and large moment antiferromagnetism at high pressures.Comment: 6 pages, 9 figures, presented at ICM200

Solid variant of aneurysmal bone cyst in the tibia treated with simple curettage without bone graft: a case report

The solid variant of aneurysmal bone cyst (solid ABC) is rarely encountered in long bones and appropriate treatment for this disease remains unclear. We experienced a 13-year-old boy suffering from pain in his left knee caused by solid ABC. Simple curettage of the bone lesion without any adjuvant therapy and a bone graft gave immediate pain relief. Histological examination of the surgical specimen showed typical features of solid ABC, and cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression was confirmed in giant cells with a background of spindle cells by immunohistochemistry. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that soft tissue edema surrounding the lesion was improved two months after surgery and there was no indication of recurrence two years after surgery