Multi-layered reasoning by means of conceptual fuzzy sets

The real world consists of a very large number of instances of events and continuous numeric values. On the other hand, people represent and process their knowledge in terms of abstracted concepts derived from generalization of these instances and numeric values. Logic based paradigms for knowledge representation use symbolic processing both for concept representation and inference. Their underlying assumption is that a concept can be defined precisely. However, as this assumption hardly holds for natural concepts, it follows that symbolic processing cannot deal with such concepts. Thus symbolic processing has essential problems from a practical point of view of applications in the real world. In contrast, fuzzy set theory can be viewed as a stronger and more practical notation than formal, logic based theories because it supports both symbolic processing and numeric processing, connecting the logic based world and the real world. In this paper, we propose multi-layered reasoning by using conceptual fuzzy sets (CFS). The general characteristics of CFS are discussed along with upper layer supervision and context dependent processing

Adsorption of benzene derivatives on allophane

The adsorption properties of benzene derivatives from water on allophane, extracted from soil, have been investigated by UV and FTIR spectroscopic measurements. Allophane adsorbs benzoic acid, phthalic acid, benzaldehyde, ethyl benzoate, and diethyl phthalate. Benzoic acid, phthalic acid, and benzaldehyde formed carboxylate anions on the positive sites of the hydrated alumina surface of allophane. In the case of adsorption from an acidic solution (pH 2), a small amount of a neutral species of benzoic acid was detected on the allophane. Ethyl benzoate and diethyl phthalate were adsorbed by an interaction between their carbonyl groups and the hydroxyl groups of the allophane. It was confirmed that allophane has an adsorption ability for the benzene derivatives that are not only ionic but also polar molecules. Allophane was found to be available as an absorbent for use in water purification by a simple procedure.ArticleAPPLIED CLAY SCIENCE. 43(2):160-163 (2009)journal articl

Phononic soft mode and strong electronic background behavior across the structural phase transition in the excitonic insulator Ta2_2NiSe5_5 (with Erratum)

Ta$_2$NiSe$_5$ became one of the most investigated candidate materials for hosting an excitonic insulator ground state. Many studies describe the corresponding phase transition as a condensation of excitons breaking a continuous symmetry. This view got challenged recently pointing out the importance of the loss of two mirror symmetries at a structural phase transition that occurs together with the semiconductor-excitonic insulator transition. For such a scenario an unstable optical zone-center phonon at low energy is proposed to drive the transition. Here we report on the experimental observation of such a soft mode behavior using Raman spectroscopy. In addition we find a novel spectral feature, likely of electronic or joint electronic and phononic origin, that is clearly distinct from the lattice dynamics and that becomes dominant at Tc. This suggests a picture of joint structural and electronic order driving the phase transition.Comment: Merged version with Erratum (1 page) in the original manuscript (21 pages, 8 figures). After publication of [Phys. Rev. Research 2, 042039 (2020), arXiv:2007.01723v2] [1] we got notified on an instrumental artifact in the low frequency part of the Raman spectrum of Ta$_2$NiSe$_5$. This erroneously led to a description of a soft phonon mode and a strong electronic background. Properly taking into account a low frequency electronic signal correctly explains the observed soft mode as Fano coupled phonon where a critical softening of an excitonic collective mode takes place as described by P.A. Volkov et al. in arXiv:2007.07344 [2] and M. Ye et al. in arXiv:2102.07912 [3

Evaluation of hypercoagulability status after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting using rotation thromboelastometry

Background: Recently, off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery, which dose not require cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), has been commonly performed. It has been revealed that OPCAB decreases the incidence of perioperative infarctions triggered by thrombolism from aorta. However, OPCAB has also been associated with postoperative stroke. Thromboelastography (TEG) is a bedside blood test that can be used to defi ne the viscoelastic properties of blood. ROTEM® analyzer (Pentapharm GmbH, Munich,Germany) is a modifi ed form of TEG. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hypercoagulability status of the blood after OPCA Bsurgery by using ROTEM®.Methods: This is a prospective study of 10 OPCAB patients each who underwent OPCAB, on-pump surgery, AAA repair, and VATS for a period of 7 days with ROTEM® assays. From ROTEM data, Coagulation Index (CI) was calculated for each patient.Results: The CI values of OPCAB patients from the extrinsic assay during the perioperative period were consistent with hypercoagulability. In comparison between the OPCAB and CPB patients from the extrinsic assay, a signifi cant difference was observed during the postoperative state. Comparison between the OPCAB and AAA patients revealed significantly higher CI values in the OPCAB patients immediately after surgery. Similarly, comparison between the OPCAB and VATS patients revealed significantly higher CI values in the OPCAB patients through the entire course of measurements.Conclusions: A state of hypercoagulability of the blood, as measured by ROTEM, existed in the OPCAB patients beyond acute postoperative stage. The extrinsic coagulation, in particular, was hypercoagulable in the OPCAB patients.departmental bulletin pape

Novel measurement method for mitral valve anterior leafl et free margin length using 3DTEE

Background: The aim of our study is to establish an accurate measurement method for anterior mitral leafl et (AML) free margin length, which is a key aspect for prediction of the extent of resection in anterior mitral valve (MV) leafl et repair.Method: Among the patients who underwent anterior MV leafl et repair between July 2010 and August 2012, we studied 17 patients with data on 3D echocardiography obtained pre- and intra-operatively and intraoperative direct measurements of AML free margin.The AML free margin lengths measured at different frames (early-opening frame of MV and end-opening frame of MV) by using realtime 3D transesophageal echocardiography (RT-3DTEE) were compared with the values directly measured during mitral valvuloplasty (MVP). For acquisition of 3D data during surgery, RT-3DTEE images of MV were obtained by using the Philips iE33 echocardiography system with X7-2 probe before MVP.Result: The free margin length values measured with Q-LAB MVQ. Regarding the correlation between the measured values with the RT-3DTEE and values directly measured intraoperatively, the measured values at the early-opening frame of MV had no correlation between the actual measured values and r-value = 0.338 (P=0.184). Conversely, the measured values at the end-opening frame of MV had an extremely high signifi cant correlation between the measured values and r-value = 0.980 (P<0.0001).Conclusion: In conclusion, the novel measurement method enables measurement of anterior mitral leafl et free margin length by using RT-3DTEE. At the end-opening frame of MV, the novel measurement method that refl ects more accurate actual measured value was established.departmental bulletin pape

Non-volatile hybrid optical phase shifter driven by a ferroelectric transistor

Optical phase shifters are essential elements in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) and function as a direct interface to program the PIC. Non-volatile phase shifters, which can retain information without a power supply, are highly desirable for low-power static operations. Here a non-volatile optical phase shifter is demonstrated by driving a III-V/Si hybrid metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) phase shifter with a ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET) operating in the source follower mode. Owing to the various polarization states in the FeFET, multistate non-volatile phase shifts up to 1.25{\pi} are obtained with CMOS-compatible operation voltages and low switching energy up to 3.3 nJ. Furthermore, a crossbar array architecture is proposed to simplify the control of non-volatile phase shifters in large-scale PICs and its feasibility is verified by confirming the selective write-in operation of a targeted FeFET with a negligible disturbance to the others. This work paves the way for realizing large-scale non-volatile programmable PICs for emerging computing applications such as deep learning and quantum computing