PIBID: conexões entre atuação na educação básica e a formação do futuro docente

Anais do II Seminário Seminário Estadual PIBID do Paraná: tecendo saberes / organizado por Dulcyene Maria Ribeiro e Catarina Costa Fernandes — Foz do Iguaçu: Unioeste; Unila, 2014A atuação dos licenciandos no PIBID de matemática visa desenvolver e trabalhar conteúdos matemáticos contemplando aplicações lógicas e axiomáticas no Ensino Fundamental, usando o método dedutivo e fazendo demonstrações de propriedades matemáticas, sempre que possível. O trabalho desenvolvido inclui construção e aplicação de jogos; resolução de problemas em contraturno; elaboração de planos de aula que torna acessível o rigor matemático. A atuação dos bolsistas tem instigado a pesquisa sobre conteúdos elementares da Matemática, como da Teoria de Números, para facilitar a compreensão e aprendizagem do estudante da Educação Básica e oferece ao licenciando a oportunidade de perceber como é ser professor. As atividades proporcionam a identificação de dificuldades apresentadas pelos licenciandos, em relação à sua futura profissão, e isso possibilita que sejam traçadas novas estratégias para vencer os obstáculos com ajuda de um professor experient

A atuação dos pibidianos como suavizadores do conflito teoria e prática, o caso da matemática

Anais do II Seminário Seminário Estadual PIBID do Paraná: tecendo saberes / organizado por Dulcyene Maria Ribeiro e Catarina Costa Fernandes — Foz do Iguaçu: Unioeste; Unila, 2014A iniciação à docência promovida pelo PIBID traz uma oportunidade de questionamento e justificação para o ensino de conteúdos ditos mais formais no currículo de licenciatura em Matemática, se considerarmos dentre os objetivos do Ensino Básico de Matemática a compreensão de sua natureza dedutiva. Presentemente, ao parecer a muitos uma ciência acabada, entendimento que não compartilhamos, a Matemática afasta o interesse da maior parte dos alunos do Ensino Básico. Apesar disto, é possível trazer uma perspectiva histórica, notadamente com seus desenvolvimentos recentes em Teoria dos Números, promovendo maior interesse de todos os envolvido

The Liver Plays a Major Role in Clearance and Destruction of Blood Trypomastigotes in Trypanosoma cruzi Chronically Infected Mice

Intravenous challenge with Trypanosoma cruzi can be used to investigate the process and consequences of blood parasite clearance in experimental Chagas disease. One hour after intravenous challenge of chronically infected mice with 5×106 trypomastigotes, the liver constituted a major site of parasite accumulation, as revealed by PCR. Intact parasites and/or parasite remnants were visualized at this time point scattered in the liver parenchyma. Moreover, at this time, many of liver-cleared parasites were viable, as estimated by the frequency of positive cultures, which considerably diminished after 48 h. Following clearance, the number of infiltrating cells in the hepatic tissue notably increased: initially (at 24 h) as diffuse infiltrates affecting the whole parenchyma, and at 48 h, in the form of large focal infiltrates in both the parenchyma and perivascular spaces. Phenotypic characterization of liver-infiltrating cells 24 h after challenge revealed an increase in Mac1+, CD8+ and CD4+ cells, followed by natural killer (NK) cells. As evidence that liver-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ cells were activated, increased frequencies of CD69+CD8+, CD69+CD4+ and CD25+CD122+CD4+ cells were observed at 24 and 48 h after challenge, and of CD25−CD122+CD4+ cells at 48 h. The major role of CD4+ cells in liver protection was suggested by data showing a very high frequency of interferon (IFN)-γ-producing CD4+ cells 24 h after challenge. In contrast, liver CD8+ cells produced little IFN-γ, even though they showed an enhanced potential for secreting this cytokine, as revealed by in vitro T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Confirming the effectiveness of the liver immune response in blood parasite control during the chronic phase of infection, no live parasites were detected in this organ 7 days after challenge

Clinical symptoms in IgA deficiency

Background: IgA deficiency is the most common primary immunodeficiency. Early diagnosis and clinical follow-up may improve the quality of life of patients with IgA deficiency. To this end, IgA deficiency should be further studied and better understood on its clinical manifestations. Objective: To determine IgA deficiency clinical manifestations. Methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective, exploratory study, where the medical records of 39 patients with IgA deficiency were analyzed. Results: Among the analyzed cases, 10 patients were diagnosed with total IgA deficiency and 29 patients with partial IgA deficiency. Partial and total IgA deficiency main clinical manifestations were allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma. In total IgA deficiency, in addition to allergic diseases, a statistically significant number (P < 0.05) of cases of infection-related rhinosinusitis, tonsillitis and conjunctivitis were also observed. Conclusion: This study showed that the main clinical manifestations in IgA deficiency were allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma. In addition, patients with total IgA deficiency showed a significant increase in infection-related rhinosinusitis, tonsillitis and conjunctivitis, when compared with patients with partial IgA deficiency

Componentes C3 e C4 do sistema complemento como biomarcadores no diagnóstico de asma atópica intermitente

OBJETIVO: Analisar os componentes séricos C3 e C4 do sistema complemento como possíveis biomarcadores de asma atópica intermitente. MÉTODOS: Determinação dos níveis séricos dos componentes C3 e C4 do complemento em 70 crianças com história de "chiado no peito” entre 3 e 14 anos. Após 2 anos de acompanhamento ambulatorial, seguindo-se critérios de inclusão e exclusão, as crianças foram divididas em 2 grupos: 40 crianças com asma atópica intermitente e 30 crianças sem asma. Não houve uso de corticosteroides inalatórios ou sistêmicos ou de broncodilatadores de ação prolongada em nenhum dos grupos. Os dois grupos apresentaram faixas etárias semelhantes, comparadas pelo teste t de Student. Os resultados dos componentes C3 e C4 mostraram distribuição normal e foram então comparados utilizando-se o teste t de Student, considerando-se significante quando p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os valores observados no grupo de crianças portadoras de asma atópica intermitente mostraram aumentos significativos para: C3 em 85,0% das crianças; C4 em 87,5%; C3 e C4 em 72,5%; C3 ou C4 em 97,5%, quando comparados aos valores observados das crianças sem asma e da mesma faixa etária. CONCLUSÃO: Observamos um aumento dos valores séricos dos componentes C3 e/ou C4 do sistema complemento na maioria das crianças estudadas portadoras de asma atópica intermitente, em comparação aos valores de crianças sem asma, da mesma faixa etária. Concluímos que a presença de valores aumentados dos componentes C3 e/ou C4 do complemento possa representar um biomarcador no diagnóstico de asma atópica intermitente

Laboratorial alteration preceding staphylococcal infection clinical manifestations after intestinal transplantation

Background: Hospital-acquired infection, often with Staphylococcus aureus, is an important complication in intestinal transplant. Clinical case: A 2-year-old girl underwent small bowel transplantation owing to a small bowel volvulus. On the first postoperative day, lymphocyte phenotypes, serum immunoglobulins and chemotactic and phagocytic activity of neutrophils were assessed in peripheral blood. A decrease in the ingestion phase of phagocytosis by neutrophils was identified, in comparison with the results of 20 healthy children. On the second day, the patient had low fever and, on the third, abdominal pain. In view of this, she underwent a laparotomy that revealed purulent ascites due to Staphylococcus aureus. Specific treatment resulted in rapid regression of the infectious condition and good evolution of the patient. Conclusions: A decrease in the ingestion stage of phagocytosis by neutrophils preceded staphylococcal purulent ascites clinical manifestations, and immunologic assessment contributed to early diagnosis and treatment of the infection. We believe evaluation of neutrophilic activity is important in patients undergoing intestinal transplantation in order for possible hospital-acquired infections to be early diagnosed

Contribution of NK, NK T, γδ T, and αβ T Cells to the Gamma Interferon Response Required for Liver Protection against Trypanosoma cruzi

In the present work, we show that intracellular Trypanosoma cruzi is rarely found in the livers of acutely infected mice, but inflammation is commonly observed. The presence of numerous intrahepatic amastigotes in infected gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-deficient mice corroborates the notion that the liver is protected by an efficient local immunity. The contribution of different cell populations was suggested by data showing that CD4- and CD8-deficient mice were able to restrain liver parasite growth. Therefore, we have characterized the liver-infiltrating lymphocytes and determined the sources of IFN-γ during acute T. cruzi infection. We observed that natural killer (NK) cells increased by day 7, while T and B cells increased by day 14. Among CD3(+) cells, CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD4(−) CD8(−) cell populations were greatly expanded. A large fraction of CD3(+) cells were positive for PanNK, a β1 integrin expressed by NK and NK T cells. However, these lymphocytes were not classic NK T cells because they did not express NK1.1 and showed no preferential usage of Vβ8. Otherwise, liver NK T (CD3(+) NK1.1(+)) cells were not increased in acutely infected mice. The majority of PanNK(+) CD4(+) and PanNK(+) CD8(+) cells expressed T-cell receptor αβ (TCRαβ), whereas PanNK(+) CD4(−) CD8(−) cells were positive for TCRγδ. In fact, γδ T cells showed the most remarkable increase (40- to 100-fold) among liver lymphocytes. Most importantly, intracellular analysis revealed high levels of IFN-γ production at day 7 by NK cells and at day 14 by CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD4(−) CD8(−) TCRγδ(+) cells. We concluded that NK cells are a precocious source of IFN-γ in the livers of acutely infected mice, and, as the disease progresses, conventional CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and γδ T cells, but not classic NK-T cells, may provide the IFN-γ required for liver protection against T. cruzi