Planification du travail en classe

1a. Constatations La politique actuelle de l’école permet aux élèves de réussir même s’ils ont un échec important en mathématiques. Mes élèves ont ainsi réussi les années précédentes avec un échec en math et éprouvent donc de grandes difficultés dans les techniques de base en mathématiques. Ces mêmes élèves réussiront encore leur année actuelle avec des échecs en math (l’échec de 3/20 étant traité en délibération de la même manière que le 9/20 : la réussite de l’élève est assurée s’il n’obtie..

Teachers in schools. How to raise the job satisfaction of lower secondary school teachers at the school-level? The impact of instructional leadership, collective efficacy, and collegial feedback

status: publishe

Different types of tissue composition in inflammatory or reparative upper airway disorders

Background: Composition changes of extracellular matrix (ECM) can lead to functional disorders of the upper airways (UA). The aim of this study was to systematically measure both the association patterns and the correlation degree between tissue composition parameters in UA inflammatory diseases. Methodology: Nasal samples were obtained from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with (CRS+NP), without nasal polyps (CRS), with post-operative adhesions (S) and normal nasal mucosa (NM). A reproducible semi-quantitative method, which takes epithelial and lamina propria damages into account was applied for haematoxylin and eosin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, reticulin, elastin, laminin and collagen type IV stainings. Results: The most severe cases of epithelial shedding have been found in a significant higher amount in CRS+NP when compared with NM. The most severe cases of inflammatory reaction were mainly found in CRS+NP. CRS+NP had significantly more severe cases of oedema than NM. Excluding elastin, networks in other ECM proteins were found modified in fibrotic fields but to a lesser extend in oedematous regions in all conditions. Conclusion: Although non specific, oedema in the lamina propria is a key-feature of CRS+NP, while fibrosis, massively present in CRS and S, affects profoundly the distribution of ECM proteins in these areas

EGFR in melanoma : clinical significance and potential therapeutic target

Background: The role of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been established in a range of neoplasms. In melanoma, data on EGFR protein expression are conflicting. Fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH) analysis for EGFR gene expression in melanoma showed EGFR gene amplification to be linked with worse prognosis. Cetuximab has been shown to suppress the formation of metastasis in Methods: EGFR protein expression and gene copy number status were evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry and FISH in melanoma samples of patients with known clinicopathological data. Associations between EGFR expression and prognostic parameters were investigated. The effect of different cetuximab concentrations on the BLM melanoma cell line was evaluated by means of methyl tetrazolium (MTT), sulforhodamine B (SRB) and Matrigel invasion assays. Results: EGFR protein expression was more frequently observed in patients with a positive sentinel lymph node. However, EGFR immunostaining has no predictive value. The presence of EGFR polysomy was associated with thicker tumors. Treatment of the BLM melanoma cell line with different concentrations of cetuximab reduced the invasive capacity of the cells, but did not alter cell viability or growth. Conclusion: EGFR appears to be involved in progression and metastasis of a subset of melanomas. Targeting EGFR could therefore represent a therapeutic option for these melanomas

Inflamed intestinal mucosa features a specific epithelial expression pattern of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) catalyzes the first step in the degradation of tryptophan, an essential amino acid. During inflammation IDO can be induced in different cell types resulting in local tryptophan depletion. This inhibits T cell proliferation and may induce apoptosis. High expression of IDO was previously found in inflammatory bowel disease and is thought to represent a mechanism for downregulation of the local immune response. Our aim is to investigate the expression pattern of IDO in normal and inflamed murine and human intestinal mucosa. Immunohistochemical staining for IDO was performed on paraffin sections of colon of two mouse models for colitis and their controls and on paraffin sections of human ileum and colon in normal and two different inflammatory conditions, namely inflammatory bowel disease and diverticulitis. IDO immunohistochemistry showed similar results in murine and human tissue. In normal, as well as in inflamed mucosa, some mononuclear cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells were positive for IDO. In inflamed mucosa a specific expression pattern of epithelial IDO was found where epithelial cells flanking ulcers or bordering crypt abscesses showed high IDO expression. Moreover, in human intestinal inflammation, IDO was expressed in ulcer associated cell lineage. Since bacterial invasion is more pronounced in erosions and in crypt abscesses and since IDO activity and the resulting local tryptophan depletion can cause growth arrest of several tryptophan-dependent microorganisms, IDO expression in the vicinity of interruptions of the epithelial barrier may point to a role for IDO as a local anti-infectious agent. Furthermore, expression of IDO at the margin of ulcerations and in the reparative ulcer-associated cell lineage suggests involvement of IDO in repair processes. </jats:p

Mast cells and nasal mucosa as new targets for leptin action /

Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor in medical science

Inflamed intestinal mucosa features a specific epithelial expression pattern of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) catalyzes the first step in the degradation of tryptophan, an essential amino acid. During inflammation IDO can be induced in different cell types resulting in local tryptophan depletion. This inhibits T cell proliferation and may induce apoptosis. High expression of IDO was previously found in inflammatory bowel disease and is thought to represent a mechanism for downregulation of the local immune response. Our aim is to investigate the expression pattern of IDO in normal and inflamed murine and human intestinal mucosa. Immunohistochemical staining for IDO was performed on paraffin sections of colon of two mouse models for colitis and their controls and on paraffin sections of human ileum and colon in normal and two different inflammatory conditions, namely inflammatory bowel disease and diverticulitis. IDO immunohistochemistry showed similar results in murine and human tissue. In normal, as well as in inflamed mucosa, some mononuclear cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells were positive for IDO. In inflamed mucosa a specific expression pattern of epithelial IDO was found where epithelial cells flanking ulcers or bordering crypt abscesses showed high IDO expression. Moreover, in human intestinal inflammation, IDO was expressed in ulcer associated cell lineage. Since bacterial invasion is more pronounced in erosions and in crypt abscesses and since IDO activity and the resulting local tryptophan depletion can cause growth arrest of several tryptophan-dependent microorganisms, IDO expression in the vicinity of interruptions of the epithelial barrier may point to a role for IDO as a local anti-infectious agent. Furthermore, expression of IDO at the margin of ulcerations and in the reparative ulcer-associated cell lineage suggests involvement of IDO in repair processes.Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe