野生4倍性コムギにおける染色体構造分化による種内変異の研究

京都大学0048新制・論文博士農学博士乙第5275号論農博第1095号新制||農||390(附属図書館)学位論文||S59||N1499(農学部図書室)UT51-59-D314(主査)教授 田中 正武, 教授 常脇 恒一郎, 教授 山縣 弘忠学位規則第5条第2項該当Kyoto UniversityDFA

Intraspecific lineage divergence and its association with reproductive trait change during species range expansion in central Eurasian wild wheat Aegilops tauschii Coss. (Poaceae) Phylogenetics and phylogeography

Background: How species ranges form in landscapes is a matter of long-standing evolutionary interest. However, little is known about how natural phenotypic variations of ecologically important traits contribute to species range expansion. In this study, we examined the phylogeographic patterns of phenotypic changes in life history (seed production) and phenological (flowering time) traits during the range expansion of Aegilops tauschii Coss. from the Transcaucasus and Middle East to central Asia. Results: Our comparative analyses of the patterns of natural variations for those traits and their association with the intraspecific lineage structure showed that (1) the eastward expansion to Asia was driven by an intraspecific sublineage (named TauL1b), (2) high seed production ability likely had an important role at the initial dispersal stage of TauL1b's expansion to Asia, and (3) the phenological change to early flowering phenotypes was one of the key adaptation events for TauL1b to further expand its range in Asia. Conclusions: This study provides for the first time a broad picture of the process of Ae. tauschii's eastward range expansion in which life history and phenological traits may have had respective roles in its dispersal and adaptation in Asia. The clear association of seed production and flowering time patterns with the intraspecific lineage divergence found in this study invites further genetic research to bring the mechanistic understanding of the changes in these key functional traits during range expansion within reach

Additional file 2: Figure S1. of Intraspecific lineage divergence and its association with reproductive trait change during species range expansion in central Eurasian wild wheat Aegilops tauschii Coss. (Poaceae)

Plot of the 198 Ae. tauschii accession geographic coordinates against the seed-production PC values. A. Latitude. B. Longitude. (TIFF 32105 kb

Phylogenetic relationships among cultivated types of Brassica rapa L. em. Metzg. as revealed by AFLP analysis

The cultivated types of Brassica rapa L. em. Metzg. consist of morphologically distinct subspecies such as turnip, turnip rape, Chinese cabbage, pak choi and pot herb mustard which are classified as ssp. rapa, ssp. oleifera, ssp. pekinensis, ssp. chinensis and ssp. nipposinica (syn. ssp. japonica), respectively. We attempted to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among the cultivated types of B. rapa. Thirty-two accessions from the Eurasian Continent were analyzed using AFLP markers with a cultivar of B. oleracea as an outgroup. In total, 455 bands were detected in the ingroup and 392 (86.6%) were polymorphic. The Neighbor-Joining tree based on the AFLP markers indicated that the accessions of B. rapa were congregated into two groups according to geographic origin. One group consisted of ssp. rapa and ssp. oleifera of Europe and Central Asia and the other included all the subspecies of East Asia. Our results suggest that cultivars from East Asia were probably derived from a primitive cultivated type, which originated in Europe or in Central Asia and migrated to East Asia. This primitive cultivated type was probably a common ancestor of ssp. rapa and ssp. oleifera. The Neighbor-Joining tree also shows that leafy vegetables in East Asia such as ssp. pekinensis, ssp. chinensis and ssp. nipposinica were differentiated several times from the distinct cultivars of ssp. oleifera in East Asia

Additional file 1: Table S1. of Intraspecific lineage divergence and its association with reproductive trait change during species range expansion in central Eurasian wild wheat Aegilops tauschii Coss. (Poaceae)

The Ae. tauschii accessions used. (DOCX 31 kb