Socioeconomic, psychiatric and materiality determinants and risk of postpartum depression in border city of Ilam, western Iran

Background. Postpartum depression (PPD) is considered as one of the mood disturbances occurring during 2-3 months after delivery. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of PPD and its associated risk factors in border city of Ilam, western Iran. Methods. Through a descriptive cross-sectional study in 2011, overall, 197 women who attended Obstetrics & Gynecology clinics postpartumly in the border city of Ilam, western Iran, were randomly recruited. A standard questionnaire that was completed by a trained midwife through face to face interviews was used for data gathering. Results. Mean age ± standard deviations was 27.9 ± 5.2 years. Prevalence of PPD was estimated to be 34.8 (95 CI: 27.7-41.7). A significant difference was observed among depression scores before and after delivery (P ≤ 0.001). Type of delivery (P = 0.044), low socioeconomic status (P = 0.011), and women having low educational level (P = 0.009) were the most important significant risk factors associated with PPD. The regression analysis showed that employed mothers compared to housekeepers were more at risk for PPD (adjusted OR = 2.01, 95 CI: 1.22-2.28, P = 0.003). Conclusions. Prevalence of PPD in western Iran was slightly higher than the corresponding rate from either national or international reports. © 2013 Pegah Taherifard et al

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF SILDENAFIL AND TADALAFIL ON PULMONARY HYPERTENSION ASSOCIATED WITH HEMODYNAMICALLY SIGNIFICANT PDAS TREATMENT OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN HS-PDA PATIENTS

Objective: Treating the hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hs-PDA) includes conservative therapy besides using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen. In addition, the pulmonary arterial pressure increases in hs-PDA. It is not clear whether the drugs used in acute pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) can improve the hs-PDA or not. This study evaluates the effect of anti-PAH drugs, sildenafil and tadalafil on patients with hs-PDA and PAH. Methods: Neonates with hs-PDA and PAH diagnosis are included in this triple-blinded clinical randomized trial study. The patients are assigned to group A (tadalafil + acetaminophen), B (sildenafil + acetaminophen), and C (acetaminophen alone). The patients were evaluated by their echocardiography findings, before and after therapy. Results: Overall, 96 patients were included in this study, 32 for each group. The patients were match for all of the demographic data. All patients had improved echocardiography parameters, except for the TAPSE and MPA diameter for tadalafil patients. On the other hand, the RVEDd and RVESd were improved better in tadalafil patients, in comparison with the sildenafil group (p = 0.012 and 0.022, respectively). There was no significant difference in other echocardiography parameters or the adverse effects. Conclusions: Using anti-PAH drugs such as tadalafil and sildenafil to hs-PDA patients with PAH does not have additional effect to the acetaminophen. Tadalafil and sildenafil did not vary in efficacy and side effects. Despite the safety of adding anti-PAH drugs such as sildenafil and tadalafil, the acetaminophen itself can reduce the pulmonary pressure by closing the patent duct. © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved

The prognostic value of the level of lactate in umbilical cord blood in predicting complications of neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome

Background: In spite of significant advances in therapeutic, diagnostic and even medical modalities, meconium management continues to be a concern for management. It has been recently assumed that trace of lactate in both serum and urine can be a sign of the asphyxia in neonates. However, no study has been done on the prognostic value of increasing lactate concentration in umbilical cord blood for predicting the outcomes of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), which was our aim in this study. Methods: Thin cross-sectional study was performed on 150 neonates suffering meconium aspiration syndrome who were admitted to Akbar Abadi hospital in Tehran between 2016 and 2018. Samples of umbilical cord blood were extracted from neonates and sent to the reference laboratory to measure lactate level as well as arterial blood gas analysis. The neonatal characteristics as well as postdelivery complications were also collected by reviewing the hospital recorded files. Results: Thick meconium stained amniotic fluid (TKMSF) was found in 40.0 and thin meconium stained amniotic fluid (TNMSF) in 60.0. The mean level of lactate was significantly higher in those neonates with morbidities including pulmonary hemorrhage, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (PPHN), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and respiratory failure requiring ventilation support. According to the ROC curve analysis, increasing lactate in umbilical cord blood could predict occurrence of pulmonary hemorrhage (AUC = 0.885), PPHN (AUC = 0.832), IVH (AUC = 0.898), and requiring ventilation (AUC = 0.833). Comparing the two groups with TKMSF and TNMSF showed higher gestational age, lower Apgar score, lower BE, higher PCO2, lower PO2, lower PH as well as higher serum lactate. In this regard and using the ROC curve analysis (Table 4), increased lactate could effectively discriminate TKMSF from TNMSF (AUC = 0.998) with the best cut-off value of 4.10. Conclusion: The increase in lactate in the umbilical cord blood (>4.1 mmol/L with high sensitivity and specificity) can distinguish between thick meconium and thin meconium forms in amniotic acid and thus can determine the severity of MAS. Also, increasing serum lactate levels is an accurate indicator for predicting complications such as pulmonary hemorrhage, PPHN, IVH, and need for ventilation in newborns with this syndrome. This diagnostic accuracy is even beyond the usual markers for arterial gas analysis, such as PH, PCO2, PO2 and BE

The prognostic value of the level of lactate in umbilical cord blood in predicting complications of neonates with meconium aspiration syndrome

Background: In spite of significant advances in therapeutic, diagnostic and even medical modalities, meconium management continues to be a concern for management. It has been recently assumed that trace of lactate in both serum and urine can be a sign of the asphyxia in neonates. However, no study has been done on the prognostic value of increasing lactate concentration in umbilical cord blood for predicting the outcomes of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), which was our aim in this study. Methods: Thin cross-sectional study was performed on 150 neonates suffering meconium aspiration syndrome who were admitted to Akbar Abadi hospital in Tehran between 2016 and 2018. Samples of umbilical cord blood were extracted from neonates and sent to the reference laboratory to measure lactate level as well as arterial blood gas analysis. The neonatal characteristics as well as postdelivery complications were also collected by reviewing the hospital recorded files. Results: Thick meconium stained amniotic fluid (TKMSF) was found in 40.0 and thin meconium stained amniotic fluid (TNMSF) in 60.0. The mean level of lactate was significantly higher in those neonates with morbidities including pulmonary hemorrhage, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (PPHN), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and respiratory failure requiring ventilation support. According to the ROC curve analysis, increasing lactate in umbilical cord blood could predict occurrence of pulmonary hemorrhage (AUC = 0.885), PPHN (AUC = 0.832), IVH (AUC = 0.898), and requiring ventilation (AUC = 0.833). Comparing the two groups with TKMSF and TNMSF showed higher gestational age, lower Apgar score, lower BE, higher PCO2, lower PO2, lower PH as well as higher serum lactate. In this regard and using the ROC curve analysis (Table 4), increased lactate could effectively discriminate TKMSF from TNMSF (AUC = 0.998) with the best cut-off value of 4.10. Conclusion: The increase in lactate in the umbilical cord blood (>4.1 mmol/L with high sensitivity and specificity) can distinguish between thick meconium and thin meconium forms in amniotic acid and thus can determine the severity of MAS. Also, increasing serum lactate levels is an accurate indicator for predicting complications such as pulmonary hemorrhage, PPHN, IVH, and need for ventilation in newborns with this syndrome. This diagnostic accuracy is even beyond the usual markers for arterial gas analysis, such as PH, PCO2, PO2 and BE. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Does Adding Intravenous Phosphorus to Parenteral Nutrition Has Any Effects on Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism and Bone Mineral Content in Preterm Neonates?

The use of parenteral nutritional supplementation of phosphorus may lead to exhibit higher plasma phosphate concentrations and less radiological features in premature neonates susceptible to osteopenia. The present study aimed to assess the beneficial effects of adding intravenous phosphorus to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on calcium and phosphorus metabolism in preterm neonates by measuring bone mineral content. This open-labeled randomized clinical trial was conducted on premature neonates who were hospitalized at NICU. The neonates were randomly assigned to two groups received TPN with intravenous sodium glycerophosphate or Glycophos (1.5 mmol/kg/day) or TPN without sodium glycerophosphate. At the end of the four weeks of treatment, the presence of osteopenia was examined using DEXA Scan. After completing treatment protocols, the group received TPN with intravenous Glycophos had significantly lower serum alkaline phosphatase (360+/-60 versus 762+/-71, P<0.001), as well as higher serum calcium to creatinine ratio (1.6+/-0.3 versus 0.44+/-0.13, P<0.001) compared to the control group received TPN without Glycophos. Those who received TPN with intravenous Glycophos experienced more increase in bone mineral density than those in control group (0.13+/-0.01 versus 0.10+/-0.02, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in serum calcium and serum vitamin D between the case and control groups. Adding intravenous sodium glycerophosphate to TPN in premature neonates can compensate the lack of bone mineral content and help to prevent osteopenia